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Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective
In the 1980s, after the HIV pandemic was recognised, neuropathology identified cerebral white matter lesions that were found in the brains of infected persons with a severe irreversible dementia syndrome, this became known as ‘HIV encephalitis’. Subsequent work in Europe and north America found subt...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971134/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36459221 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11503-2 |
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author | Lucas, Sebastian |
author_facet | Lucas, Sebastian |
author_sort | Lucas, Sebastian |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the 1980s, after the HIV pandemic was recognised, neuropathology identified cerebral white matter lesions that were found in the brains of infected persons with a severe irreversible dementia syndrome, this became known as ‘HIV encephalitis’. Subsequent work in Europe and north America found subtle morphological abnormalities in cerebral neurones and their connections. With the advent of effective anti-retroviral therapies after 1996, the incidence of severe HIV-related dementia declined, as did investigative tissue pathology into this HIV brain disease. Currently, the intense interest over HIV neurocognitive impairment focuses on neuroimaging, comparative blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, viral subtype analysis, and the search for biomarkers that correlate with brain function. Tissue neuropathology in HIV is more restricted to the diagnosis of acute disease such as opportunistic infections and tumours, and confirmation of the acute CD8 + T-cell encephalitis syndrome. But correlative tissue pathology will still be needed as newer therapeutic measures are developed to prevent and manage chronic HIV brain impairment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9971134 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99711342023-03-01 Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective Lucas, Sebastian J Neurol Review In the 1980s, after the HIV pandemic was recognised, neuropathology identified cerebral white matter lesions that were found in the brains of infected persons with a severe irreversible dementia syndrome, this became known as ‘HIV encephalitis’. Subsequent work in Europe and north America found subtle morphological abnormalities in cerebral neurones and their connections. With the advent of effective anti-retroviral therapies after 1996, the incidence of severe HIV-related dementia declined, as did investigative tissue pathology into this HIV brain disease. Currently, the intense interest over HIV neurocognitive impairment focuses on neuroimaging, comparative blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, viral subtype analysis, and the search for biomarkers that correlate with brain function. Tissue neuropathology in HIV is more restricted to the diagnosis of acute disease such as opportunistic infections and tumours, and confirmation of the acute CD8 + T-cell encephalitis syndrome. But correlative tissue pathology will still be needed as newer therapeutic measures are developed to prevent and manage chronic HIV brain impairment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-12-02 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9971134/ /pubmed/36459221 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11503-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Lucas, Sebastian Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective |
title | Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective |
title_full | Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective |
title_fullStr | Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective |
title_short | Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective |
title_sort | historical and current issues in hiv encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in hiv disease: a pathological perspective |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971134/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36459221 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11503-2 |
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