Venous Waveform Analysis Detects Acute Right Ventricular Failure in a Rat Respiratory Arrest Model

BACKGROUND: Peripheral intravenous analysis (PIVA) has been shown to be more sensitive than central venous pressure (CVP) for detecting hemorrhage and volume overload. We hypothesized that PIVA is superior to CVP for detecting right ventricular (RV) failure in a rat model of respiratory arrest. METHODS: Eight Wistar rats were studied in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines. CVP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and PIVA were recorded. Respiratory arrest was achieved with IV Rocuronium. PIVA utilizes Fourier transform to quantify the amplitude of the peripheral venous waveform, expressed as the ‘f1 amplitude’. RV diameter was measured with transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: RV diameter increased from 0.34 cm to 0.54 cm during arrest, p=0.001, and returned to 0.33 cm post arrest, p=0.97. There was an increase in f1 amplitude from 0.07 mmHg to 0.38 mmHg, p=0.01 and returned to 0.08mmHg, p=1.0. MAP decreased from 119 mmHg to 67 mmHg, p=0.004 and returned to 136 mmHg, p=0.50. There was no significant increase in CVP from 9.3 mmHg at baseline to 10.5 mmHg during respiratory arrest, p=0.91 and recovery to 8.6 mmHg, p=0.81. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights utility of PIVA to detect RV failure in small-caliber vessels, comparable to peripheral veins in the human pediatric population.