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Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis

Identifying the characteristics of fallers is important for preventing falls because such events may reduce quality of life. It has been reported that several variables related to foot positions and angles during gait (e.g., sagittal foot angle and minimum toe clearance) differ between fallers and n...

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Autores principales: Inai, Takuma, Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki, Huang, Chenhui, Fujita, Koji, Fujimoto, Masahiro, Nihey, Fumiyuki, Yamamoto, Akiko, Nakajima, Kanako, Nakahara, Kentaro, Kutsuzawa, Gaku, Fukushi, Kenichiro, Kudo, Shoma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971443/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36865028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117884
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author Inai, Takuma
Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki
Huang, Chenhui
Fujita, Koji
Fujimoto, Masahiro
Nihey, Fumiyuki
Yamamoto, Akiko
Nakajima, Kanako
Nakahara, Kentaro
Kutsuzawa, Gaku
Fukushi, Kenichiro
Kudo, Shoma
author_facet Inai, Takuma
Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki
Huang, Chenhui
Fujita, Koji
Fujimoto, Masahiro
Nihey, Fumiyuki
Yamamoto, Akiko
Nakajima, Kanako
Nakahara, Kentaro
Kutsuzawa, Gaku
Fukushi, Kenichiro
Kudo, Shoma
author_sort Inai, Takuma
collection PubMed
description Identifying the characteristics of fallers is important for preventing falls because such events may reduce quality of life. It has been reported that several variables related to foot positions and angles during gait (e.g., sagittal foot angle and minimum toe clearance) differ between fallers and non-fallers. However, examining such representative discrete variables may not be sufficient to detect crucial information, which may be contained in the large portions of unanalyzed data. Therefore, we aimed to identify the comprehensive characteristics of foot position and angle during the swing phase of gait in non-fallers and fallers using principal component analysis (PCA). Thirty non-fallers and 30 fallers were recruited for this study. We performed PCA to reduce the dimensions of foot positions and angles during the swing phase and obtained principal component scores (PCSs) for each principal component vector (PCV), which were then compared between groups. The results revealed that the PCS of PCV3 in fallers was significantly larger than that in non-fallers (p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.80). We reconstructed waveforms of foot positions and angles during the swing phase using PCV3 and our main findings can be summarized as follows. Compared to non-fallers, fallers have a 1) low average foot position in the z-axis (i.e., height) during the initial swing phase 2) small average foot angle in the x-axis (i.e., rotation in the sagittal plane), during the initial swing phase, and 3) large variability in foot position in the y-axis (i.e., anterior/posterior position) during the initial swing phase. We can conclude that these are characteristics of gait related to fallers. Therefore, our findings may be beneficial for evaluating fall risk during gait using a device such as a shoe- or insole-embedded inertial measurement unit.
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spelling pubmed-99714432023-03-01 Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis Inai, Takuma Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki Huang, Chenhui Fujita, Koji Fujimoto, Masahiro Nihey, Fumiyuki Yamamoto, Akiko Nakajima, Kanako Nakahara, Kentaro Kutsuzawa, Gaku Fukushi, Kenichiro Kudo, Shoma Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Identifying the characteristics of fallers is important for preventing falls because such events may reduce quality of life. It has been reported that several variables related to foot positions and angles during gait (e.g., sagittal foot angle and minimum toe clearance) differ between fallers and non-fallers. However, examining such representative discrete variables may not be sufficient to detect crucial information, which may be contained in the large portions of unanalyzed data. Therefore, we aimed to identify the comprehensive characteristics of foot position and angle during the swing phase of gait in non-fallers and fallers using principal component analysis (PCA). Thirty non-fallers and 30 fallers were recruited for this study. We performed PCA to reduce the dimensions of foot positions and angles during the swing phase and obtained principal component scores (PCSs) for each principal component vector (PCV), which were then compared between groups. The results revealed that the PCS of PCV3 in fallers was significantly larger than that in non-fallers (p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.80). We reconstructed waveforms of foot positions and angles during the swing phase using PCV3 and our main findings can be summarized as follows. Compared to non-fallers, fallers have a 1) low average foot position in the z-axis (i.e., height) during the initial swing phase 2) small average foot angle in the x-axis (i.e., rotation in the sagittal plane), during the initial swing phase, and 3) large variability in foot position in the y-axis (i.e., anterior/posterior position) during the initial swing phase. We can conclude that these are characteristics of gait related to fallers. Therefore, our findings may be beneficial for evaluating fall risk during gait using a device such as a shoe- or insole-embedded inertial measurement unit. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9971443/ /pubmed/36865028 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117884 Text en Copyright © 2023 Inai, Kobayashi, Huang, Fujita, Fujimoto, Nihey, Yamamoto, Nakajima, Nakahara, Kutsuzawa, Fukushi and Kudo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Inai, Takuma
Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki
Huang, Chenhui
Fujita, Koji
Fujimoto, Masahiro
Nihey, Fumiyuki
Yamamoto, Akiko
Nakajima, Kanako
Nakahara, Kentaro
Kutsuzawa, Gaku
Fukushi, Kenichiro
Kudo, Shoma
Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
title Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
title_full Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
title_fullStr Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
title_full_unstemmed Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
title_short Identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
title_sort identification of characteristics of foot position and angle during swing phase in fallers using principal component analysis
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971443/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36865028
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117884
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