Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 Genes in 235 People Living in Thai Nguyen Province of Vietnam

OBJECTIVE: ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes are mainly responsible for alcohol metabolism in the body. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes have been reported to be associated with alcohol dependence and are considered risk factors for various human diseases. This study aims to identify the prevalence of three SNPs of ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs671) in 235 unrelated individuals living in Thai Nguyen province, the northeast region of Vietnam. METHODS: The target genotypes were identified by using PCR direct sequencing, and their frequencies were compared to previous reports. RESULT: Our data showed that allele frequencies of ADH1B*2 (rs1229984), ADH1C*2 C (rs698) and ALDH2*2 (rs671) were 68.8%, 8.3% and 20.4%, respectively. The ADH1B*2 and ADH1C*2 frequencies were similar to those of the Kinh ethnic individuals living in the south region of Vietnam, while the ALDH2*2 frequency was higher. Compared to data from other countries, ADH1B*2 frequency is similar to the Philippines (60.5%) and Mongolia (62.9%) but significantly different from the other populations. The ADH1C*2 frequency is not so different compared to Japanese (5.7%) and Chinese (7.1%) but is quite different in other populations. ALDH2*2 frequency was lower than Japanese (29.3%), Indonesian (30%) and higher than other countries. Regarding the risk of alcoholism, the percentage of Vietnamese people in this study with genotypes related to alcohol dependence is 8.1%. In contrast, the carrier has genotypes protecting against alcoholism with high frequency, 91.9%. Among them, the individuals can cause high acetaldehyde accumulation accounting for 33.2%. CONCLUSION: This study helps to understand the genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolism genes in the community living in Thai Nguyen province, northeast of Vietnam, and provides valuable scientific data relating to alcohol consumption behavior as well as public health protection.