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Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome

BACKGROUND: Environmental etiology of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), an autoimmune disease, has been proposed. This study determined whether the exposure to air pollutants was an independent risk factor for pSS. METHODS: Participants were enrolled from a population-based cohort registry. Daily av...

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Autores principales: Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai, Wang, Li-Tzu, Chong, Weikun, Lin, Cheng-Li, Li, Hailang, Chen, Aimin, Wei, James Cheng-Chung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9972220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36865525
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044462
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author Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai
Wang, Li-Tzu
Chong, Weikun
Lin, Cheng-Li
Li, Hailang
Chen, Aimin
Wei, James Cheng-Chung
author_facet Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai
Wang, Li-Tzu
Chong, Weikun
Lin, Cheng-Li
Li, Hailang
Chen, Aimin
Wei, James Cheng-Chung
author_sort Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Environmental etiology of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), an autoimmune disease, has been proposed. This study determined whether the exposure to air pollutants was an independent risk factor for pSS. METHODS: Participants were enrolled from a population-based cohort registry. Daily average concentrations of air pollutants from 2000 to 2011 were divided into 4 quartiles. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of pSS for exposure to air pollutants were estimated in a Cox proportional regression model adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and residential areas. A subgroup analysis stratified by sex was conducted to validate the findings. Windows of susceptibility indicated years of exposure which contributed the most to the observed association. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify underlying pathways of air pollutant-associated pSS pathogenesis, using Z-score visualization. RESULTS: Two hundred patients among 177,307 participants developed pSS, with a mean age of 53.1 years at acumulative incidence of 0.11% from 2000 to 2011. Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and methane (CH4) was associated with a higher risk of pSS. Compared to those exposed to the lowest concentration level, the aHRs for pSS were 2.04 (95%CI=1.29-3.25), 1.86 (95%CI=1.22-2.85), and 2.21 (95%CI=1.47-3.31) for those exposed to high levels of CO, NO, and CH4, respectively. The findings persisted in the subgroup analysis, in which females exposed to high levels of CO, NO, and CH4 and males exposed to high levels of CO were associated with significantly great risk of pSS. The cumulative effect of air pollution on pSS was time-dependent. The underlying cellular mechanisms involved chronic inflammatory pathways including the interleukin-6 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Exposure to CO, NO, and CH4 was associated with a high risk of pSS, which was biologically plausible.
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spelling pubmed-99722202023-03-01 Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai Wang, Li-Tzu Chong, Weikun Lin, Cheng-Li Li, Hailang Chen, Aimin Wei, James Cheng-Chung Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: Environmental etiology of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), an autoimmune disease, has been proposed. This study determined whether the exposure to air pollutants was an independent risk factor for pSS. METHODS: Participants were enrolled from a population-based cohort registry. Daily average concentrations of air pollutants from 2000 to 2011 were divided into 4 quartiles. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of pSS for exposure to air pollutants were estimated in a Cox proportional regression model adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and residential areas. A subgroup analysis stratified by sex was conducted to validate the findings. Windows of susceptibility indicated years of exposure which contributed the most to the observed association. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify underlying pathways of air pollutant-associated pSS pathogenesis, using Z-score visualization. RESULTS: Two hundred patients among 177,307 participants developed pSS, with a mean age of 53.1 years at acumulative incidence of 0.11% from 2000 to 2011. Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and methane (CH4) was associated with a higher risk of pSS. Compared to those exposed to the lowest concentration level, the aHRs for pSS were 2.04 (95%CI=1.29-3.25), 1.86 (95%CI=1.22-2.85), and 2.21 (95%CI=1.47-3.31) for those exposed to high levels of CO, NO, and CH4, respectively. The findings persisted in the subgroup analysis, in which females exposed to high levels of CO, NO, and CH4 and males exposed to high levels of CO were associated with significantly great risk of pSS. The cumulative effect of air pollution on pSS was time-dependent. The underlying cellular mechanisms involved chronic inflammatory pathways including the interleukin-6 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Exposure to CO, NO, and CH4 was associated with a high risk of pSS, which was biologically plausible. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9972220/ /pubmed/36865525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044462 Text en Copyright © 2023 Ma, Wang, Chong, Lin, Li, Chen and Wei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai
Wang, Li-Tzu
Chong, Weikun
Lin, Cheng-Li
Li, Hailang
Chen, Aimin
Wei, James Cheng-Chung
Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
title Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
title_full Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
title_fullStr Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
title_short Exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary Sjögren’s syndrome
title_sort exposure to environmental air pollutants as a risk factor for primary sjögren’s syndrome
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9972220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36865525
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044462
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