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A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND: An association between Graves’ disease (GD) and the gut microbiome has been identified, but the causal effect between them remains unclear. METHODS: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to detect the causal effect between GD and the gut microbiome. Gut...

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Autores principales: Cao, Jiamin, Wang, Nuo, Luo, Yong, Ma, Chen, Chen, Zhuokun, Chenzhao, Changci, Zhang, Feng, Qi, Xin, Xiong, Wei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36865531
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.977587
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author Cao, Jiamin
Wang, Nuo
Luo, Yong
Ma, Chen
Chen, Zhuokun
Chenzhao, Changci
Zhang, Feng
Qi, Xin
Xiong, Wei
author_facet Cao, Jiamin
Wang, Nuo
Luo, Yong
Ma, Chen
Chen, Zhuokun
Chenzhao, Changci
Zhang, Feng
Qi, Xin
Xiong, Wei
author_sort Cao, Jiamin
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: An association between Graves’ disease (GD) and the gut microbiome has been identified, but the causal effect between them remains unclear. METHODS: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to detect the causal effect between GD and the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome data were derived from samples from a range of different ethnicities (18,340 samples) and data on GD were obtained from samples of Asian ethnicity (212,453 samples). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables according to different criteria. They were used to evaluate the causal effect between exposures and outcomes through inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and simple mode methods. F-statistics and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate bias and reliability. RESULTS: In total, 1,560 instrumental variables were extracted from the gut microbiome data (p< 1 × 10(5)). The classes Deltaproteobacteria [odds ratio (OR) = 3.603] and Mollicutes, as well as the genera Ruminococcus torques group, Oxalobacter, and Ruminococcaceae UCG 011 were identified as risk factors for GD. The family Peptococcaceae and the genus Anaerostipes (OR = 0.489) were protective factors for GD. In addition, 13 instrumental variables were extracted from GD (p< 1 × 10(–8)), causing one family and eight genera to be regulated. The genus Clostridium innocuum group (p = 0.024, OR = 0.918) and Anaerofilum (p = 0.049, OR = 1.584) had the greatest probability of being regulated. Significant bias, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy were not detected. CONCLUSION: A causal effect relationship exists between GD and the gut microbiome, demonstrating regulatory activity and interactions, and thus providing evidence supporting the involvement of a thyroid–gut axis.
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spelling pubmed-99741462023-03-01 A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study Cao, Jiamin Wang, Nuo Luo, Yong Ma, Chen Chen, Zhuokun Chenzhao, Changci Zhang, Feng Qi, Xin Xiong, Wei Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: An association between Graves’ disease (GD) and the gut microbiome has been identified, but the causal effect between them remains unclear. METHODS: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to detect the causal effect between GD and the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome data were derived from samples from a range of different ethnicities (18,340 samples) and data on GD were obtained from samples of Asian ethnicity (212,453 samples). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables according to different criteria. They were used to evaluate the causal effect between exposures and outcomes through inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, and simple mode methods. F-statistics and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate bias and reliability. RESULTS: In total, 1,560 instrumental variables were extracted from the gut microbiome data (p< 1 × 10(5)). The classes Deltaproteobacteria [odds ratio (OR) = 3.603] and Mollicutes, as well as the genera Ruminococcus torques group, Oxalobacter, and Ruminococcaceae UCG 011 were identified as risk factors for GD. The family Peptococcaceae and the genus Anaerostipes (OR = 0.489) were protective factors for GD. In addition, 13 instrumental variables were extracted from GD (p< 1 × 10(–8)), causing one family and eight genera to be regulated. The genus Clostridium innocuum group (p = 0.024, OR = 0.918) and Anaerofilum (p = 0.049, OR = 1.584) had the greatest probability of being regulated. Significant bias, heterogeneity, and horizontal pleiotropy were not detected. CONCLUSION: A causal effect relationship exists between GD and the gut microbiome, demonstrating regulatory activity and interactions, and thus providing evidence supporting the involvement of a thyroid–gut axis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9974146/ /pubmed/36865531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.977587 Text en Copyright © 2023 Cao, Wang, Luo, Ma, Chen, Chenzhao, Zhang, Qi and Xiong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Cao, Jiamin
Wang, Nuo
Luo, Yong
Ma, Chen
Chen, Zhuokun
Chenzhao, Changci
Zhang, Feng
Qi, Xin
Xiong, Wei
A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_full A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_fullStr A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_full_unstemmed A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_short A cause–effect relationship between Graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
title_sort cause–effect relationship between graves’ disease and the gut microbiome contributes to the thyroid–gut axis: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36865531
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.977587
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