An Unusual Case of Headache in a Child: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension with Diagnostic Challenge

INTRODUCTION: In children, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is relatively uncommon. It is characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure, in the absence of evidence of underlying brain disease, structural abnormalities, hydrocephalus, or abnormal meningeal improvement. However, very rarely it can occur without papilledema, even though it is the most recognizable clinical sign. Due to this, a delay in diagnosis can lead to severe visual impairments. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a patient with a chronic headache but no papilledema. His neurological and systemic examinations were otherwise unremarkable. A lumbar puncture revealed a high opening pressure of 450 mmH(2)O and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed only tortuous optic nerves, no parenchymal lesions, and no evidence of venous sinus thrombosis. He required acetazolamide treatment. Our patient’s symptoms improved significantly in 2 months with medical treatment, weight loss, and exercise, with no development of papilledema. CONCLUSION: There is a wide range of clinical manifestations of IIH, making it difficult to decide when to begin treatment.