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Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves
The objective of this study was to evaluate blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), digestibility, internal organs weight and histology, gene expression, and spleen cell proliferation of pre-weaned bull calves supplemented with a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (M...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36854876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30088-y |
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author | Campolina, Joana P. Coelho, Sandra Gesteira Belli, Anna Luiza Neves, Luiz F. Martins Machado, Fernanda S. Pereira, Luiz G. R. Tomich, Thierry R. Carvalho, Wanessa A. Daibert, Raquel M. P. Reis, Daniele R. L. Costa, Suely F. Voorsluys, Alessandra L. Jacob, David V. Campos, Mariana M. |
author_facet | Campolina, Joana P. Coelho, Sandra Gesteira Belli, Anna Luiza Neves, Luiz F. Martins Machado, Fernanda S. Pereira, Luiz G. R. Tomich, Thierry R. Carvalho, Wanessa A. Daibert, Raquel M. P. Reis, Daniele R. L. Costa, Suely F. Voorsluys, Alessandra L. Jacob, David V. Campos, Mariana M. |
author_sort | Campolina, Joana P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The objective of this study was to evaluate blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), digestibility, internal organs weight and histology, gene expression, and spleen cell proliferation of pre-weaned bull calves supplemented with a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR). Sixteen newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy bull calves, with body weight at birth of 33.3 ± 3.7 kg, were housed in individual sand bedded pens, blocked by genetic composition, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design: Control (CON, n = 8) and blend of essential oils supplementation (BEO, n = 8, 1 g/day/calf, Apex Calf, Adisseo, China). The commercial blend was composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. Animals were fed 5 L of MR/day reconstituted at 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose were evaluated weekly, IGF-1 was evaluated biweekly, and total blood cell count was performed every four weeks until the end of the trial at eight weeks of age. Feed samples were collected three times a week and polled for weekly analysis. Apparent total nutrient digestibility was determined from d 56 to 60 of age. On d 60 ± 1, animals were euthanized for organ weight, histology, spleen cell proliferation, and intestinal gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed independently using linear mixed models using the REML method in the nlme package in R for continuous outcomes. A non-parametric test was used for ordered categorical outcomes using the Artools package in R. There were no differences between groups for blood evaluations, digestibility, gene expression, and a spleen cell proliferation assay. However, BEO calves presented a heavier pancreas, heavier intestines, bigger ileum villi, and higher cecum butyrate levels (P < 0.05), demonstrating that the EO supplementation helped intestinal development and symbiotic bacteria. It was also observed in CON animals’ heavier respiratory tract and a higher eosinophil count (P < 0.05). Therefore, the organs where eosinophils are more active had a better response for BEO animals. No differences were found in the intestinal gene expression in the immune context. These results demonstrate that supplementing essential oils in MR could contribute to gut development and immune function. However, more research is needed to understand its impact on body development and define the best dosage and route of administration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9974966 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99749662023-03-02 Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves Campolina, Joana P. Coelho, Sandra Gesteira Belli, Anna Luiza Neves, Luiz F. Martins Machado, Fernanda S. Pereira, Luiz G. R. Tomich, Thierry R. Carvalho, Wanessa A. Daibert, Raquel M. P. Reis, Daniele R. L. Costa, Suely F. Voorsluys, Alessandra L. Jacob, David V. Campos, Mariana M. Sci Rep Article The objective of this study was to evaluate blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), digestibility, internal organs weight and histology, gene expression, and spleen cell proliferation of pre-weaned bull calves supplemented with a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR). Sixteen newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy bull calves, with body weight at birth of 33.3 ± 3.7 kg, were housed in individual sand bedded pens, blocked by genetic composition, and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design: Control (CON, n = 8) and blend of essential oils supplementation (BEO, n = 8, 1 g/day/calf, Apex Calf, Adisseo, China). The commercial blend was composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. Animals were fed 5 L of MR/day reconstituted at 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose were evaluated weekly, IGF-1 was evaluated biweekly, and total blood cell count was performed every four weeks until the end of the trial at eight weeks of age. Feed samples were collected three times a week and polled for weekly analysis. Apparent total nutrient digestibility was determined from d 56 to 60 of age. On d 60 ± 1, animals were euthanized for organ weight, histology, spleen cell proliferation, and intestinal gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed independently using linear mixed models using the REML method in the nlme package in R for continuous outcomes. A non-parametric test was used for ordered categorical outcomes using the Artools package in R. There were no differences between groups for blood evaluations, digestibility, gene expression, and a spleen cell proliferation assay. However, BEO calves presented a heavier pancreas, heavier intestines, bigger ileum villi, and higher cecum butyrate levels (P < 0.05), demonstrating that the EO supplementation helped intestinal development and symbiotic bacteria. It was also observed in CON animals’ heavier respiratory tract and a higher eosinophil count (P < 0.05). Therefore, the organs where eosinophils are more active had a better response for BEO animals. No differences were found in the intestinal gene expression in the immune context. These results demonstrate that supplementing essential oils in MR could contribute to gut development and immune function. However, more research is needed to understand its impact on body development and define the best dosage and route of administration. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9974966/ /pubmed/36854876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30088-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Campolina, Joana P. Coelho, Sandra Gesteira Belli, Anna Luiza Neves, Luiz F. Martins Machado, Fernanda S. Pereira, Luiz G. R. Tomich, Thierry R. Carvalho, Wanessa A. Daibert, Raquel M. P. Reis, Daniele R. L. Costa, Suely F. Voorsluys, Alessandra L. Jacob, David V. Campos, Mariana M. Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
title | Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
title_full | Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
title_fullStr | Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
title_full_unstemmed | Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
title_short | Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
title_sort | potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36854876 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30088-y |
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