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Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of multi-factorial origin that affects the intestine of premature infants and results in high morbidity and mortality. Infants that survive contend with several long-term sequelae including neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)—which encompass...

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Autores principales: Manohar, Krishna, Mesfin, Fikir M., Liu, Jianyun, Shelley, W. Christopher, Brokaw, John P., Markel, Troy A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9975605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36873645
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1104682
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author Manohar, Krishna
Mesfin, Fikir M.
Liu, Jianyun
Shelley, W. Christopher
Brokaw, John P.
Markel, Troy A.
author_facet Manohar, Krishna
Mesfin, Fikir M.
Liu, Jianyun
Shelley, W. Christopher
Brokaw, John P.
Markel, Troy A.
author_sort Manohar, Krishna
collection PubMed
description Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of multi-factorial origin that affects the intestine of premature infants and results in high morbidity and mortality. Infants that survive contend with several long-term sequelae including neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)—which encompasses cognitive and psychosocial deficits as well as motor, vision, and hearing impairment. Alterations in the gut-brain axis (GBA) homeostasis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC and the development of NDI. The crosstalk along the GBA suggests that microbial dysbiosis and subsequent bowel injury can initiate systemic inflammation which is followed by pathogenic signaling cascades with multiple pathways that ultimately lead to the brain. These signals reach the brain and activate an inflammatory cascade in the brain resulting in white matter injury, impaired myelination, delayed head growth, and eventual downstream NDI. The purpose of this review is to summarize the NDI seen in NEC, discuss what is known about the GBA, explore the relationship between the GBA and perinatal brain injury in the setting of NEC, and finally, highlight the existing research into possible therapies to help prevent these deleterious outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-99756052023-03-02 Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis Manohar, Krishna Mesfin, Fikir M. Liu, Jianyun Shelley, W. Christopher Brokaw, John P. Markel, Troy A. Front Pediatr Pediatrics Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of multi-factorial origin that affects the intestine of premature infants and results in high morbidity and mortality. Infants that survive contend with several long-term sequelae including neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)—which encompasses cognitive and psychosocial deficits as well as motor, vision, and hearing impairment. Alterations in the gut-brain axis (GBA) homeostasis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC and the development of NDI. The crosstalk along the GBA suggests that microbial dysbiosis and subsequent bowel injury can initiate systemic inflammation which is followed by pathogenic signaling cascades with multiple pathways that ultimately lead to the brain. These signals reach the brain and activate an inflammatory cascade in the brain resulting in white matter injury, impaired myelination, delayed head growth, and eventual downstream NDI. The purpose of this review is to summarize the NDI seen in NEC, discuss what is known about the GBA, explore the relationship between the GBA and perinatal brain injury in the setting of NEC, and finally, highlight the existing research into possible therapies to help prevent these deleterious outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9975605/ /pubmed/36873645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1104682 Text en © 2023 Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw and Markel. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
Manohar, Krishna
Mesfin, Fikir M.
Liu, Jianyun
Shelley, W. Christopher
Brokaw, John P.
Markel, Troy A.
Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
title Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
title_full Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
title_fullStr Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
title_full_unstemmed Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
title_short Gut-Brain cross talk: The pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
title_sort gut-brain cross talk: the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental impairment in necrotizing enterocolitis
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9975605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36873645
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1104682
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