Competitive Reactions during Ethanol Chain Elongation Were Temporarily Suppressed by Increasing Hydrogen Partial Pressure through Methanogenesis Inhibition

[Image: see text] Organic waste streams can be converted into high-value platform chemicals such as medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) using mixed microbial communities via chain elongation. However, the heterogeneity of waste streams and the use of complex microbial communities can lead to undesirable reactions, thus decreasing process efficiency. We explored suppressing excessive ethanol oxidation to acetate (EEO) by increasing the hydrogen partial pressure (P(H2)) through hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis inhibition by periodically adding 2-bromoethanesulfonate (2-BES) to an MCCA-producing bioreactor to reach 10 mM of 2-BES upon addition. The bioreactor was fed with pretreated food waste and brewery waste containing high concentrations of short-chain carboxylic acids and ethanol, respectively. While 2-BES addition initially reduced EEO, some methanogens (Methanobrevibacter spp.) persisted and resistant populations were selected over time. Besides changing the methanogenic community structure, adding 2-BES also changed the bacterial community structure due to its impact on P(H2). While we demonstrated that P(H2) could be manipulated using 2-BES to control EEO, methods that do not require the addition of a chemical inhibitor should be explored to maintain optimum P(H2) for long-term suppression of EEO.