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SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants

During a pandemic, effective vaccines are typically in short supply, particularly at onset intervals when the wave is accelerating. We conducted an observational, retrospective analysis of aggregated data from all patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the waves caused by the Delta and O...

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Autores principales: de La Vega, Marc-Antoine, Polychronopoulou, Efstathia, XIII, Ara, Ding, Zhe, Chen, Tong, Liu, Qixing, Lan, Jiaming, Nepveu-Traversy, Marie-Edith, Fausther-Bovendo, Hugues, Zaidan, Mohammed F., Wong, Gary, Sharma, Gulshan, Kobinger, Gary P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980403/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36655944
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2023.2169198
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author de La Vega, Marc-Antoine
Polychronopoulou, Efstathia
XIII, Ara
Ding, Zhe
Chen, Tong
Liu, Qixing
Lan, Jiaming
Nepveu-Traversy, Marie-Edith
Fausther-Bovendo, Hugues
Zaidan, Mohammed F.
Wong, Gary
Sharma, Gulshan
Kobinger, Gary P.
author_facet de La Vega, Marc-Antoine
Polychronopoulou, Efstathia
XIII, Ara
Ding, Zhe
Chen, Tong
Liu, Qixing
Lan, Jiaming
Nepveu-Traversy, Marie-Edith
Fausther-Bovendo, Hugues
Zaidan, Mohammed F.
Wong, Gary
Sharma, Gulshan
Kobinger, Gary P.
author_sort de La Vega, Marc-Antoine
collection PubMed
description During a pandemic, effective vaccines are typically in short supply, particularly at onset intervals when the wave is accelerating. We conducted an observational, retrospective analysis of aggregated data from all patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the waves caused by the Delta and Omicron variants, stratified based on their known previous infection and vaccination status, throughout the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) network. Next, the immunity statuses within each medical parameter were compared to naïve individuals for the effective decrease of occurrence. Lastly, we conducted studies using mice and pre-pandemic human samples for IgG responses to viral nucleocapsid compared to spike protein toward showing a functional component supportive of the medical data results in relation to the immunity types. During the Delta and Omicron waves, both infection-induced and hybrid immunities were associated with a trend of equal or greater decrease of occurrence than vaccine-induced immunity in hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and deaths in comparison to those without pre-existing immunity, with hybrid immunity often trending with the greatest decrease. Compared to individuals without pre-existing immunity, those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly reduced incidence of COVID-19, as well as all subsequent medical parameters. Though vaccination best reduces health risks associated with initial infection toward acquiring immunity, our findings suggest infection-induced immunity is as or more effective than vaccination in reducing the severity of reinfection from the Delta or Omicron variants, which should inform public health response at pandemic onset, particularly when triaging towards the allotment of in-demand vaccinations.
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spelling pubmed-99804032023-03-03 SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants de La Vega, Marc-Antoine Polychronopoulou, Efstathia XIII, Ara Ding, Zhe Chen, Tong Liu, Qixing Lan, Jiaming Nepveu-Traversy, Marie-Edith Fausther-Bovendo, Hugues Zaidan, Mohammed F. Wong, Gary Sharma, Gulshan Kobinger, Gary P. Emerg Microbes Infect Coronaviruses During a pandemic, effective vaccines are typically in short supply, particularly at onset intervals when the wave is accelerating. We conducted an observational, retrospective analysis of aggregated data from all patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the waves caused by the Delta and Omicron variants, stratified based on their known previous infection and vaccination status, throughout the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) network. Next, the immunity statuses within each medical parameter were compared to naïve individuals for the effective decrease of occurrence. Lastly, we conducted studies using mice and pre-pandemic human samples for IgG responses to viral nucleocapsid compared to spike protein toward showing a functional component supportive of the medical data results in relation to the immunity types. During the Delta and Omicron waves, both infection-induced and hybrid immunities were associated with a trend of equal or greater decrease of occurrence than vaccine-induced immunity in hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and deaths in comparison to those without pre-existing immunity, with hybrid immunity often trending with the greatest decrease. Compared to individuals without pre-existing immunity, those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly reduced incidence of COVID-19, as well as all subsequent medical parameters. Though vaccination best reduces health risks associated with initial infection toward acquiring immunity, our findings suggest infection-induced immunity is as or more effective than vaccination in reducing the severity of reinfection from the Delta or Omicron variants, which should inform public health response at pandemic onset, particularly when triaging towards the allotment of in-demand vaccinations. Taylor & Francis 2023-03-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9980403/ /pubmed/36655944 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2023.2169198 Text en © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Coronaviruses
de La Vega, Marc-Antoine
Polychronopoulou, Efstathia
XIII, Ara
Ding, Zhe
Chen, Tong
Liu, Qixing
Lan, Jiaming
Nepveu-Traversy, Marie-Edith
Fausther-Bovendo, Hugues
Zaidan, Mohammed F.
Wong, Gary
Sharma, Gulshan
Kobinger, Gary P.
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
title SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
title_full SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
title_short SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the Delta or Omicron variants
title_sort sars-cov-2 infection-induced immunity reduces rates of reinfection and hospitalization caused by the delta or omicron variants
topic Coronaviruses
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980403/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36655944
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2023.2169198
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