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The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a severe soil-borne disease that restricts the production of cruciferous crops worldwide. A better understanding of biotic and abiotic factors regulating germination of P. brassicae resting spores in the soil is significant for developing novel contro...

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Autores principales: Wang, Yao, Zheng, Xiaorong, Sarenqimuge, Sarenqimuge, von Tiedemann, Andreas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36862655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011175
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author Wang, Yao
Zheng, Xiaorong
Sarenqimuge, Sarenqimuge
von Tiedemann, Andreas
author_facet Wang, Yao
Zheng, Xiaorong
Sarenqimuge, Sarenqimuge
von Tiedemann, Andreas
author_sort Wang, Yao
collection PubMed
description Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a severe soil-borne disease that restricts the production of cruciferous crops worldwide. A better understanding of biotic and abiotic factors regulating germination of P. brassicae resting spores in the soil is significant for developing novel control methods. Previous studies reported that root exudates can trigger P. brassicae resting spore germination, thus enabling a targeted attack of P. brassicae on host plant roots. However, we found that native root exudates collected under sterile conditions from host or non-host plants cannot stimulate the germination of sterile spores, indicating that root exudates may not be direct stimulation factors. Instead, our studies demonstrate that soil bacteria are essential for triggering germination. Through 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis, we found that certain carbon sources and nitrate can reshape the initial microbial community to an inducing community leading to the germination of P. brassicae resting spores. The stimulating communities significantly differed in composition and abundance of bacterial taxa compared to the non-stimulating ones. Several enriched bacterial taxa in stimulating community were significantly correlated with spore germination rates and may be involved as stimulation factors. Based on our findings, a multi-factorial ‘pathobiome’ model comprising abiotic and biotic factors is proposed to represent the putative plant-microbiome-pathogen interactions associated with breaking spore dormancy of P. brassicae in soil. This study presents novel views on P. brassicae pathogenicity and lays the foundation for novel sustainable control strategies of clubroot.
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spelling pubmed-99807882023-03-03 The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates Wang, Yao Zheng, Xiaorong Sarenqimuge, Sarenqimuge von Tiedemann, Andreas PLoS Pathog Research Article Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a severe soil-borne disease that restricts the production of cruciferous crops worldwide. A better understanding of biotic and abiotic factors regulating germination of P. brassicae resting spores in the soil is significant for developing novel control methods. Previous studies reported that root exudates can trigger P. brassicae resting spore germination, thus enabling a targeted attack of P. brassicae on host plant roots. However, we found that native root exudates collected under sterile conditions from host or non-host plants cannot stimulate the germination of sterile spores, indicating that root exudates may not be direct stimulation factors. Instead, our studies demonstrate that soil bacteria are essential for triggering germination. Through 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis, we found that certain carbon sources and nitrate can reshape the initial microbial community to an inducing community leading to the germination of P. brassicae resting spores. The stimulating communities significantly differed in composition and abundance of bacterial taxa compared to the non-stimulating ones. Several enriched bacterial taxa in stimulating community were significantly correlated with spore germination rates and may be involved as stimulation factors. Based on our findings, a multi-factorial ‘pathobiome’ model comprising abiotic and biotic factors is proposed to represent the putative plant-microbiome-pathogen interactions associated with breaking spore dormancy of P. brassicae in soil. This study presents novel views on P. brassicae pathogenicity and lays the foundation for novel sustainable control strategies of clubroot. Public Library of Science 2023-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9980788/ /pubmed/36862655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011175 Text en © 2023 Wang et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wang, Yao
Zheng, Xiaorong
Sarenqimuge, Sarenqimuge
von Tiedemann, Andreas
The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
title The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
title_full The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
title_fullStr The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
title_full_unstemmed The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
title_short The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
title_sort soil bacterial community regulates germination of plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980788/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36862655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011175
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