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The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study
BACKGROUND: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) has been proposed as a novel indicator of cardiometabolic status. However, evidence on the relationship between CMI and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk was limited. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between CMI and DM risk among a large cohort of Jap...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36875460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1120277 |
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author | Zha, Fubing Cao, Changchun Hong, Mengru Hou, Huili Zhang, Qionghua Tang, Bin Hu, Haofei Han, Yong Zan, Yibing Wang, Yulong Xu, Jianwen |
author_facet | Zha, Fubing Cao, Changchun Hong, Mengru Hou, Huili Zhang, Qionghua Tang, Bin Hu, Haofei Han, Yong Zan, Yibing Wang, Yulong Xu, Jianwen |
author_sort | Zha, Fubing |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) has been proposed as a novel indicator of cardiometabolic status. However, evidence on the relationship between CMI and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk was limited. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between CMI and DM risk among a large cohort of Japanese adults. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study recruited 15453 Japanese adults without diabetes at baseline who underwent physical examinations at the Murakami Memorial Hospital between 2004 and 2015. Cox proportional-hazards regression was applied to evaluate the independent relationship between CMI and diabetes. Our study performed a generalized smooth curve fitting (penalized spline technique) and an additive model (GAM) to determine the non-linear relationship between CMI and DM risk. In addition, a set of sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the relationship between CMI and incident DM. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding covariates, CMI was positively related to the DM risk in Japanese adults (HR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.43-1.90, P<0.0001). A series of sensitivity analyses were also employed in this study to guarantee the reliability of the findings. In addition, our study discovered a non-linear association between CMI and diabetes risk. CMI’s inflection point was 1.01. A strong positive association between CMI and diabetes incidence was also discovered to the left of the inflection point (HR: 2.96, 95%CI: 1.96-4.46, P<<0.0001). However, their association was not significant when CMI was higher than 1.01 (HR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.98-1.64, P=0.0702). Interaction analysis showed that gender, BMI, habit of exercise, and smoking status interacted with CMI. CONCLUSION: Increased CMI level at baseline is associated with incident DM. The association between CMI and incident DM is also non-linear. A high CMI level is associated with an increased risk for DM when CMI is below 1.01. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9980900 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99809002023-03-03 The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study Zha, Fubing Cao, Changchun Hong, Mengru Hou, Huili Zhang, Qionghua Tang, Bin Hu, Haofei Han, Yong Zan, Yibing Wang, Yulong Xu, Jianwen Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology BACKGROUND: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) has been proposed as a novel indicator of cardiometabolic status. However, evidence on the relationship between CMI and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk was limited. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between CMI and DM risk among a large cohort of Japanese adults. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study recruited 15453 Japanese adults without diabetes at baseline who underwent physical examinations at the Murakami Memorial Hospital between 2004 and 2015. Cox proportional-hazards regression was applied to evaluate the independent relationship between CMI and diabetes. Our study performed a generalized smooth curve fitting (penalized spline technique) and an additive model (GAM) to determine the non-linear relationship between CMI and DM risk. In addition, a set of sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the relationship between CMI and incident DM. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding covariates, CMI was positively related to the DM risk in Japanese adults (HR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.43-1.90, P<0.0001). A series of sensitivity analyses were also employed in this study to guarantee the reliability of the findings. In addition, our study discovered a non-linear association between CMI and diabetes risk. CMI’s inflection point was 1.01. A strong positive association between CMI and diabetes incidence was also discovered to the left of the inflection point (HR: 2.96, 95%CI: 1.96-4.46, P<<0.0001). However, their association was not significant when CMI was higher than 1.01 (HR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.98-1.64, P=0.0702). Interaction analysis showed that gender, BMI, habit of exercise, and smoking status interacted with CMI. CONCLUSION: Increased CMI level at baseline is associated with incident DM. The association between CMI and incident DM is also non-linear. A high CMI level is associated with an increased risk for DM when CMI is below 1.01. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9980900/ /pubmed/36875460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1120277 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zha, Cao, Hong, Hou, Zhang, Tang, Hu, Han, Zan, Wang and Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Zha, Fubing Cao, Changchun Hong, Mengru Hou, Huili Zhang, Qionghua Tang, Bin Hu, Haofei Han, Yong Zan, Yibing Wang, Yulong Xu, Jianwen The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study |
title | The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study |
title_full | The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study |
title_fullStr | The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study |
title_short | The nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: A retrospective Japanese cohort study |
title_sort | nonlinear correlation between the cardiometabolic index and the risk of diabetes: a retrospective japanese cohort study |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9980900/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36875460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1120277 |
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