What are the risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases?

Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, studies surrounding EIMs are lacking, particularly in Asia. This study aimed to identify risk factors by analyzing the characteristics of patients with EIMs. From January 2010 to December 2020, the medical records of 531 patients diagnosed with IBD (133 with Crohn disease [CD] and 398 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) were reviewed. The patients’ baseline characteristics and risk factors were analyzed by dividing them into 2 groups according to EIMs presence. The prevalence of EIMs in all patients with IBD was 12.4% (n = 66), of which CD and UC prevalences were 19.5% (n = 26) and 10.1% (n = 40), respectively. The articular (7.9%, n = 42), cutaneous (3.6%, n = 19), ocular (1.5%, n = 8), and hepatobiliary types (0.8%, n = 4) of EIMs were observed. Two or more EIMs occurred in only 1.2% of all IBD patients (n = 6). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for the occurrence of EIMs were a follow-up period ≥ 10 years (odds ratio, 2.106; 95% confidence interval, 1.187–3.973; P = .021) and treatment with biologics (odds ratio, 1.963; 95% confidence interval, 1.070–3.272; P = .037). The EIMs prevalence in patients with IBD was 12.4%, and the particular type was the most common, with EIMs occurring more frequently in patients with CD than in those with UC. Patients who have been treated for IBD for more than 10 years or who are using biologics should be carefully monitored as they are at high risk for EIMs.