Investigation of the effective atomic number dependency on kinetic energy using collision stopping powers for electrons, protons, alpha, and carbon particles

As an important component in medical applications, dosimetry, and radiotherapy studies, the effective atomic number of body tissue, tissue equivalent substances, and dosimetry compounds are investigated. In this research, considering the Coulomb interaction of charged particles, using the collision stopping power and the NIST library data, the effective atomic number of various materials at different energies is calculated for common radiotherapy particles such as electron, proton, alpha, and carbon ions. Taking into account the direct calculation method based on the collision stopping power, the effective atomic number for electron, proton, alpha, and carbon particles is determined for a group of dosimetry and tissue equivalent materials. Results of the calculations based on the collision stopping power showed that in low kinetic energy, the values of the effective atomic number are equal to the total number of electrons in each molecule of the compound, which is quite justified by the physics of Bethe's formulas.