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Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research

BACKGROUND: A relationship between smoking and interpersonal influences has been well established within the literature. There have been cultural shifts in denormalisation and a reduction in tobacco smoking in many countries. Hence there is a need to understand social influences on adolescents’ smok...

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Autores principales: Littlecott, H. J., Moore, G. F., Evans, R. E., Melendez-Torres, G. J., McCann, M., Reed, H., Mann, M., Dobbie, F., Jennings, S., Donaldson, C., Hawkins, J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9983235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36869343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14727-z
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author Littlecott, H. J.
Moore, G. F.
Evans, R. E.
Melendez-Torres, G. J.
McCann, M.
Reed, H.
Mann, M.
Dobbie, F.
Jennings, S.
Donaldson, C.
Hawkins, J.
author_facet Littlecott, H. J.
Moore, G. F.
Evans, R. E.
Melendez-Torres, G. J.
McCann, M.
Reed, H.
Mann, M.
Dobbie, F.
Jennings, S.
Donaldson, C.
Hawkins, J.
author_sort Littlecott, H. J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A relationship between smoking and interpersonal influences has been well established within the literature. There have been cultural shifts in denormalisation and a reduction in tobacco smoking in many countries. Hence there is a need to understand social influences on adolescents’ smoking across smoking normalisation contexts. METHODS: The search was conducted in July 2019 and updated in March 2022 within 11 databases and secondary sources. Search terms included schools, adolescents, smoking, peers, social norms and qualitative research. Screening was conducted by two researchers independently and in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the eight-item Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-centre) tool for the appraisal of qualitative studies. Results were synthesised using a meta-narrative lens for meta-ethnography and compared across smoking normalisation contexts. RESULTS: Forty one studies were included and five themes were developed, mapping onto the socio ecological model. The social processes by which adolescents take up smoking differed according to a mixture of school type, peer group structure and the smoking culture within the school, as well as the wider cultural context. Data available from smoking denormalised contexts, described changes in social interactions around smoking to cope with its stigmatisation. This was manifested through i) direct peer influence, whereby subtle techniques were employed, ii) group belonging whereby smoking was less likely to be seen as a key determinant of group membership and smoking was less commonly reported to be used as a social tool, and iii) popularity and identity construction, whereby smoking was perceived more negatively in a denormalised context, compared with a normalised context. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-ethnography is the first study to demonstrate, drawing on international data, that peer processes in adolescent smoking may undergo changes as smoking norms within society change. Future research should focus on understanding differences across socioeconomic contexts, to inform the adaptation of interventions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14727-z.
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spelling pubmed-99832352023-03-04 Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research Littlecott, H. J. Moore, G. F. Evans, R. E. Melendez-Torres, G. J. McCann, M. Reed, H. Mann, M. Dobbie, F. Jennings, S. Donaldson, C. Hawkins, J. BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: A relationship between smoking and interpersonal influences has been well established within the literature. There have been cultural shifts in denormalisation and a reduction in tobacco smoking in many countries. Hence there is a need to understand social influences on adolescents’ smoking across smoking normalisation contexts. METHODS: The search was conducted in July 2019 and updated in March 2022 within 11 databases and secondary sources. Search terms included schools, adolescents, smoking, peers, social norms and qualitative research. Screening was conducted by two researchers independently and in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the eight-item Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-centre) tool for the appraisal of qualitative studies. Results were synthesised using a meta-narrative lens for meta-ethnography and compared across smoking normalisation contexts. RESULTS: Forty one studies were included and five themes were developed, mapping onto the socio ecological model. The social processes by which adolescents take up smoking differed according to a mixture of school type, peer group structure and the smoking culture within the school, as well as the wider cultural context. Data available from smoking denormalised contexts, described changes in social interactions around smoking to cope with its stigmatisation. This was manifested through i) direct peer influence, whereby subtle techniques were employed, ii) group belonging whereby smoking was less likely to be seen as a key determinant of group membership and smoking was less commonly reported to be used as a social tool, and iii) popularity and identity construction, whereby smoking was perceived more negatively in a denormalised context, compared with a normalised context. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-ethnography is the first study to demonstrate, drawing on international data, that peer processes in adolescent smoking may undergo changes as smoking norms within society change. Future research should focus on understanding differences across socioeconomic contexts, to inform the adaptation of interventions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14727-z. BioMed Central 2023-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9983235/ /pubmed/36869343 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14727-z Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Littlecott, H. J.
Moore, G. F.
Evans, R. E.
Melendez-Torres, G. J.
McCann, M.
Reed, H.
Mann, M.
Dobbie, F.
Jennings, S.
Donaldson, C.
Hawkins, J.
Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
title Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
title_full Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
title_fullStr Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
title_full_unstemmed Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
title_short Perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
title_sort perceptions of friendship, peers and influence on adolescent smoking according to tobacco control context: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9983235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36869343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14727-z
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