Cargando…

The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are asso...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Mechanick, Jeffrey I., Christofides, Elena A., Marchetti, Albert E., Hoddy, Kristin K., Joachim, Jim, Hegazi, Refaat, Hamdy, Osama
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36895277
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1122203
_version_ 1784901681261051904
author Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
Christofides, Elena A.
Marchetti, Albert E.
Hoddy, Kristin K.
Joachim, Jim
Hegazi, Refaat
Hamdy, Osama
author_facet Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
Christofides, Elena A.
Marchetti, Albert E.
Hoddy, Kristin K.
Joachim, Jim
Hegazi, Refaat
Hamdy, Osama
author_sort Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
collection PubMed
description The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are associated with age, environment, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and interventional timing. Clinical investigations report an intriguing association of COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition but incompletely describe the triphasic relationship, its mechanistic pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches to address each malady and their underlying metabolic disorders. This narrative review highlights common chronic disease states that interact epidemiologically and mechanistically with the COVID-19 to create a syndromic phenotype—the COVID-Related Cardiometabolic Syndrome—linking cardiometabolic-based chronic disease drivers with pre-, acute, and chronic/post-COVID-19 disease stages. Since the association of nutritional disorders with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic risk factors is well established, a syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition is hypothesized that can direct, inform, and optimize care. In this review, each of the three edges of this network is uniquely summarized, nutritional therapies discussed, and a structure for early preventive care proposed. Concerted efforts to identify malnutrition in patients with COVID-19 and elevated metabolic risks are needed and can be followed by improved dietary management while simultaneously addressing dysglycemia-based chronic disease and malnutrition-based chronic disease.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9988958
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-99889582023-03-08 The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition Mechanick, Jeffrey I. Christofides, Elena A. Marchetti, Albert E. Hoddy, Kristin K. Joachim, Jim Hegazi, Refaat Hamdy, Osama Front Nutr Nutrition The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are associated with age, environment, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and interventional timing. Clinical investigations report an intriguing association of COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition but incompletely describe the triphasic relationship, its mechanistic pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches to address each malady and their underlying metabolic disorders. This narrative review highlights common chronic disease states that interact epidemiologically and mechanistically with the COVID-19 to create a syndromic phenotype—the COVID-Related Cardiometabolic Syndrome—linking cardiometabolic-based chronic disease drivers with pre-, acute, and chronic/post-COVID-19 disease stages. Since the association of nutritional disorders with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic risk factors is well established, a syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition is hypothesized that can direct, inform, and optimize care. In this review, each of the three edges of this network is uniquely summarized, nutritional therapies discussed, and a structure for early preventive care proposed. Concerted efforts to identify malnutrition in patients with COVID-19 and elevated metabolic risks are needed and can be followed by improved dietary management while simultaneously addressing dysglycemia-based chronic disease and malnutrition-based chronic disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9988958/ /pubmed/36895277 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1122203 Text en Copyright © 2023 Mechanick, Christofides, Marchetti, Hoddy, Joachim, Hegazi and Hamdy. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Mechanick, Jeffrey I.
Christofides, Elena A.
Marchetti, Albert E.
Hoddy, Kristin K.
Joachim, Jim
Hegazi, Refaat
Hamdy, Osama
The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
title The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
title_full The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
title_fullStr The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
title_full_unstemmed The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
title_short The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
title_sort syndromic triad of covid-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988958/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36895277
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1122203
work_keys_str_mv AT mechanickjeffreyi thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT christofideselenaa thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT marchettialberte thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT hoddykristink thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT joachimjim thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT hegazirefaat thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT hamdyosama thesyndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT mechanickjeffreyi syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT christofideselenaa syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT marchettialberte syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT hoddykristink syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT joachimjim syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT hegazirefaat syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition
AT hamdyosama syndromictriadofcovid19type2diabetesandmalnutrition