Cargando…

Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes

Brown adipocytes is a specialized fat cell that dissipates nutrient-derived chemical energy in the form of heat, instead of ATP synthesis. This unique feature provides a marked capacity for brown adipocyte mitochondria to oxidize substrates independent of ADP availability. Upon cold exposure, brown...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Chang, Ji Suk
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36896177
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1106544
_version_ 1784901773587120128
author Chang, Ji Suk
author_facet Chang, Ji Suk
author_sort Chang, Ji Suk
collection PubMed
description Brown adipocytes is a specialized fat cell that dissipates nutrient-derived chemical energy in the form of heat, instead of ATP synthesis. This unique feature provides a marked capacity for brown adipocyte mitochondria to oxidize substrates independent of ADP availability. Upon cold exposure, brown adipocytes preferentially oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) liberated from triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets to support thermogenesis. In addition, brown adipocytes take up large amounts of circulating glucose, concurrently increasing glycolysis and de novo FA synthesis from glucose. Given that FA oxidation and glucose-derived FA synthesis are two antagonistic mitochondrial processes in the same cell, it has long been questioned how brown adipocytes run FA oxidation and FA synthesis simultaneously. In this review, I summarize mechanisms regulating mitochondrial substrate selection and describe recent findings of two distinct populations of brown adipocyte mitochondria with different substrate preferences. I further discuss how these mechanisms may permit a concurrent increase in glycolysis, FA synthesis, and FA oxidation in brown adipocytes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9989468
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-99894682023-03-08 Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes Chang, Ji Suk Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Brown adipocytes is a specialized fat cell that dissipates nutrient-derived chemical energy in the form of heat, instead of ATP synthesis. This unique feature provides a marked capacity for brown adipocyte mitochondria to oxidize substrates independent of ADP availability. Upon cold exposure, brown adipocytes preferentially oxidize free fatty acids (FFA) liberated from triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets to support thermogenesis. In addition, brown adipocytes take up large amounts of circulating glucose, concurrently increasing glycolysis and de novo FA synthesis from glucose. Given that FA oxidation and glucose-derived FA synthesis are two antagonistic mitochondrial processes in the same cell, it has long been questioned how brown adipocytes run FA oxidation and FA synthesis simultaneously. In this review, I summarize mechanisms regulating mitochondrial substrate selection and describe recent findings of two distinct populations of brown adipocyte mitochondria with different substrate preferences. I further discuss how these mechanisms may permit a concurrent increase in glycolysis, FA synthesis, and FA oxidation in brown adipocytes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9989468/ /pubmed/36896177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1106544 Text en Copyright © 2023 Chang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Chang, Ji Suk
Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
title Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
title_full Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
title_fullStr Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
title_full_unstemmed Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
title_short Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
title_sort recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of simultaneous fatty acid oxidation and synthesis in brown adipocytes
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36896177
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1106544
work_keys_str_mv AT changjisuk recentinsightsintothemolecularmechanismsofsimultaneousfattyacidoxidationandsynthesisinbrownadipocytes