Uncommon metastases to the brain: Frontal lobe myoepithelial carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Myoepithelial tumors have been widely described as a rare form of salivary gland neoplasm, although currently soft-tissue phenotypes have also been identified. These are tumors composed entirely of myoepithelial cells that exhibit a dual epithelial and smooth muscle phenotype. The occurrence of myoepithelial tumors within the central nervous system is also extremely rare, with only a few cases reported. Treatment options include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors present a case of soft-tissue myoepithelial carcinoma with an unusual brain metastasis, rarely described in the literature. The purpose of this article is to present an update on the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology when affecting the central nervous system, through the review of the current evidence. CONCLUSION: However, despite complete surgical resection, there is about a significative high rate of local recurrence and metastasis. Careful patient follow-up and staging is essential for better characterization and understanding of this tumor’s behavior.