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Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review
BACKGROUND: Millions of COVID-19 pediatric survivors are facing the risk of long COVID after recovery from acute COVID-19. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and determine the pooled prevalence of, and risk factors for long COVID among the pedia...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9990879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36931142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.005 |
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author | Zheng, Yong-Bo Zeng, Na Yuan, Kai Tian, Shan-Shan Yang, Ying-Bo Gao, Nan Chen, Xuan Zhang, An-Yi Kondratiuk, Alexandra L. Shi, Pei-Pei Zhang, Fang Sun, Jie Yue, Jing-Li Lin, Xiao Shi, Le Lalvani, Ajit Shi, Jie Bao, Yan-Ping Lu, Lin |
author_facet | Zheng, Yong-Bo Zeng, Na Yuan, Kai Tian, Shan-Shan Yang, Ying-Bo Gao, Nan Chen, Xuan Zhang, An-Yi Kondratiuk, Alexandra L. Shi, Pei-Pei Zhang, Fang Sun, Jie Yue, Jing-Li Lin, Xiao Shi, Le Lalvani, Ajit Shi, Jie Bao, Yan-Ping Lu, Lin |
author_sort | Zheng, Yong-Bo |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Millions of COVID-19 pediatric survivors are facing the risk of long COVID after recovery from acute COVID-19. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and determine the pooled prevalence of, and risk factors for long COVID among the pediatric survivors. METHODS: Studies that assessed the prevalence of, or risk factors associated with long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 survivors were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 11th, 2022. Random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression on the estimated prevalence of long COVID were performed by stratification with follow-up duration, mean age, sex ratio, percentage of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, hospitalization rate at baseline, and percentage of severe illness. RESULTS: Based on 40 studies with 12,424 individuals, the pooled prevalence of any long COVID was 23.36 % ([95 % CI 15.27–32.53]). The generalized symptom (19.57 %, [95 % CI 9.85–31.52]) was reported most commonly, followed by respiratory (14.76 %, [95 % CI 7.22–24.27]), neurologic (13.51 %, [95 % CI 6.52–22.40]), and psychiatric (12.30 %, [95% CI 5.38–21.37]). Dyspnea (22.75 %, [95% CI 9.38–39.54]), fatigue (20.22 %, [95% CI 9.19–34.09]), and headache (15.88 %, [95 % CI 6.85–27.57]) were most widely reported specific symptoms. The prevalence of any symptom during 3–6, 6–12, and> 12 months were 26.41 % ([95 % CI 14.33–40.59]), 20.64 % ([95 % CI 17.06–24.46]), and 14.89 % ([95 % CI 6.09–26.51]), respectively. Individuals with aged over ten years, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, or had severe clinical symptoms exhibited higher prevalence of long COVID in multi-systems. Factors such as older age, female, poor physical or mental health, or had severe infection or more symptoms were more likely to have long COVID in pediatric survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one quarter of pediatric survivors suffered multisystem long COVID, even at 1 year after infection. Ongoing monitoring, comprehensive prevention and intervention is warranted for pediatric survivors, especially for individuals with high risk factors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9990879 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99908792023-03-08 Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review Zheng, Yong-Bo Zeng, Na Yuan, Kai Tian, Shan-Shan Yang, Ying-Bo Gao, Nan Chen, Xuan Zhang, An-Yi Kondratiuk, Alexandra L. Shi, Pei-Pei Zhang, Fang Sun, Jie Yue, Jing-Li Lin, Xiao Shi, Le Lalvani, Ajit Shi, Jie Bao, Yan-Ping Lu, Lin J Infect Public Health Review BACKGROUND: Millions of COVID-19 pediatric survivors are facing the risk of long COVID after recovery from acute COVID-19. The primary objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and determine the pooled prevalence of, and risk factors for long COVID among the pediatric survivors. METHODS: Studies that assessed the prevalence of, or risk factors associated with long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 survivors were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 11th, 2022. Random effects model was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of long COVID among pediatric COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression on the estimated prevalence of long COVID were performed by stratification with follow-up duration, mean age, sex ratio, percentage of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, hospitalization rate at baseline, and percentage of severe illness. RESULTS: Based on 40 studies with 12,424 individuals, the pooled prevalence of any long COVID was 23.36 % ([95 % CI 15.27–32.53]). The generalized symptom (19.57 %, [95 % CI 9.85–31.52]) was reported most commonly, followed by respiratory (14.76 %, [95 % CI 7.22–24.27]), neurologic (13.51 %, [95 % CI 6.52–22.40]), and psychiatric (12.30 %, [95% CI 5.38–21.37]). Dyspnea (22.75 %, [95% CI 9.38–39.54]), fatigue (20.22 %, [95% CI 9.19–34.09]), and headache (15.88 %, [95 % CI 6.85–27.57]) were most widely reported specific symptoms. The prevalence of any symptom during 3–6, 6–12, and> 12 months were 26.41 % ([95 % CI 14.33–40.59]), 20.64 % ([95 % CI 17.06–24.46]), and 14.89 % ([95 % CI 6.09–26.51]), respectively. Individuals with aged over ten years, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, or had severe clinical symptoms exhibited higher prevalence of long COVID in multi-systems. Factors such as older age, female, poor physical or mental health, or had severe infection or more symptoms were more likely to have long COVID in pediatric survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one quarter of pediatric survivors suffered multisystem long COVID, even at 1 year after infection. Ongoing monitoring, comprehensive prevention and intervention is warranted for pediatric survivors, especially for individuals with high risk factors. The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. 2023-05 2023-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9990879/ /pubmed/36931142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.005 Text en © 2023 The Authors Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Review Zheng, Yong-Bo Zeng, Na Yuan, Kai Tian, Shan-Shan Yang, Ying-Bo Gao, Nan Chen, Xuan Zhang, An-Yi Kondratiuk, Alexandra L. Shi, Pei-Pei Zhang, Fang Sun, Jie Yue, Jing-Li Lin, Xiao Shi, Le Lalvani, Ajit Shi, Jie Bao, Yan-Ping Lu, Lin Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review |
title | Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review |
title_full | Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review |
title_short | Prevalence and risk factor for long COVID in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis and systematic review |
title_sort | prevalence and risk factor for long covid in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis and systematic review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9990879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36931142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.005 |
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