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Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the sector-wide energy and nutritional differences of both adult and children’s restaurant menu items in the UK and the USA in 2018. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Energy and nutritional information provided on restaurant websites. PARTICIPANTS: Menu items (n 40 902)...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cambridge University Press
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35642073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022001379 |
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author | Huang, Yuru Burgoine, Thomas Theis, Dolly RZ Adams, Jean |
author_facet | Huang, Yuru Burgoine, Thomas Theis, Dolly RZ Adams, Jean |
author_sort | Huang, Yuru |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To quantify the sector-wide energy and nutritional differences of both adult and children’s restaurant menu items in the UK and the USA in 2018. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Energy and nutritional information provided on restaurant websites. PARTICIPANTS: Menu items (n 40 902) served by forty-two large UK chains and ninety-six large USA chains. RESULTS: Mean absolute energy, fat and saturated fat values were higher in USA menu items. For example, the mean adjusted per-item differences of adult menu items between the USA and the UK were 45·6 kcal for energy and 3·2 g for fat. Comparable figures for children’s menu items were 43·7 kcal and 4 g. Compared with UK menu items, USA adult menu items also had higher sugar content (3·2 g, 95 % CI (0·5, 6)), and children’s menu items had higher Na content (181·1 mg, 95 % CI (108·4, 253·7)). Overall, 96·8 % of UK and 95·8 % of USA menu items exceeded recommended levels for at least one of Na, fat, saturated fat or sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Menu items served by large chain restaurants had higher mean absolute levels of energy, fat and saturated fat in the USA compared with the UK. UK adult menu items were also lower in sugars compared with the USA ones and children’s items lower in Na. As more than 95 % of all items were considered to have high levels of at least one nutrient of public health concern in the USA and the UK, improvements in restaurant menu items are needed in both countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9991847 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99918472023-03-08 Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 Huang, Yuru Burgoine, Thomas Theis, Dolly RZ Adams, Jean Public Health Nutr Research Paper OBJECTIVE: To quantify the sector-wide energy and nutritional differences of both adult and children’s restaurant menu items in the UK and the USA in 2018. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Energy and nutritional information provided on restaurant websites. PARTICIPANTS: Menu items (n 40 902) served by forty-two large UK chains and ninety-six large USA chains. RESULTS: Mean absolute energy, fat and saturated fat values were higher in USA menu items. For example, the mean adjusted per-item differences of adult menu items between the USA and the UK were 45·6 kcal for energy and 3·2 g for fat. Comparable figures for children’s menu items were 43·7 kcal and 4 g. Compared with UK menu items, USA adult menu items also had higher sugar content (3·2 g, 95 % CI (0·5, 6)), and children’s menu items had higher Na content (181·1 mg, 95 % CI (108·4, 253·7)). Overall, 96·8 % of UK and 95·8 % of USA menu items exceeded recommended levels for at least one of Na, fat, saturated fat or sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Menu items served by large chain restaurants had higher mean absolute levels of energy, fat and saturated fat in the USA compared with the UK. UK adult menu items were also lower in sugars compared with the USA ones and children’s items lower in Na. As more than 95 % of all items were considered to have high levels of at least one nutrient of public health concern in the USA and the UK, improvements in restaurant menu items are needed in both countries. Cambridge University Press 2022-10 2022-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9991847/ /pubmed/35642073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022001379 Text en © The Authors 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Huang, Yuru Burgoine, Thomas Theis, Dolly RZ Adams, Jean Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 |
title | Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 |
title_full | Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 |
title_fullStr | Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed | Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 |
title_short | Differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the USA and the UK in 2018 |
title_sort | differences in energy and nutrient content of menu items served by large chain restaurants in the usa and the uk in 2018 |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9991847/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35642073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022001379 |
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