Latency function estimation under the mixture cure model when the cure status is available

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the conditional survival function of the lifetime of the subjects experiencing the event (latency) in the mixture cure model when the cure status information is partially available. The approach of past work relies on the assumption that long-term survivors are unidentifiable because of right censoring. However, in some cases this assumption is invalid since some subjects are known to be cured, e.g., when a medical test ascertains that a disease has entirely disappeared after treatment. We propose a latency estimator that extends the nonparametric estimator studied in López-Cheda et al. (TEST 26(2):353–376, 2017b) to the case when the cure status is partially available. We establish the asymptotic normality distribution of the estimator, and illustrate its performance in a simulation study. Finally, the estimator is applied to a medical dataset to study the length of hospital stay of COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10985-023-09591-x.