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Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices

Antimicrobials are necessary for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals, but increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a concern for veterinarians and livestock producers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on cow-calf operations in northern California to assess prevalence...

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Autores principales: Morris, Celeste, Wickramasingha, Devinda, Abdelfattah, Essam M., Pereira, Richard V., Okello, Emmanuel, Maier, Gabriele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9996069/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36910206
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1086203
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author Morris, Celeste
Wickramasingha, Devinda
Abdelfattah, Essam M.
Pereira, Richard V.
Okello, Emmanuel
Maier, Gabriele
author_facet Morris, Celeste
Wickramasingha, Devinda
Abdelfattah, Essam M.
Pereira, Richard V.
Okello, Emmanuel
Maier, Gabriele
author_sort Morris, Celeste
collection PubMed
description Antimicrobials are necessary for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals, but increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a concern for veterinarians and livestock producers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on cow-calf operations in northern California to assess prevalence of AMR in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. shed in feces of beef cattle of different life stages, breeds, and past antimicrobial exposures and to evaluate if any significant factors could be identified that are associated with AMR status of the isolates. A total of 244 E. coli and 238 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from cow and calf fecal samples, tested for susceptibility to 19 antimicrobials, and classified as resistant or non-susceptible to the antimicrobials for which breakpoints were available. For E. coli, percent of resistant isolates by antimicrobial were as follows: ampicillin 100% (244/244), sulfadimethoxine 25.4% (62/244), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 4.9% (12/244), and ceftiofur 0.4% (1/244) while percent of non-susceptible isolates by antimicrobial were: tetracycline 13.1% (32/244), and florfenicol 19.3% (47/244). For Enterococcus spp., percent of resistant isolates by antimicrobial were as follows: ampicillin 0.4% (1/238) while percent of non-susceptible isolates by antimicrobial were tetracycline 12.6% (30/238) and penicillin 1.7% (4/238). No animal level or farm level management practices, including antimicrobial exposures, were significantly associated with differences in isolate resistant or non-susceptible status for either E. coli or Enterococcus isolates. This is contrary to the suggestion that administration of antibiotics is solely responsible for development of AMR in exposed bacteria and demonstrates that there are other factors involved, either not captured in this study or not currently well understood. In addition, the overall use of antimicrobials in this cow-calf study was lower than other sectors of the livestock industry. Limited information is available on cow-calf AMR from fecal bacteria, and the results of this study serve as a reference for future studies to support a better understanding and estimation of drivers and trends for AMR in cow-calf operations.
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spelling pubmed-99960692023-03-10 Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices Morris, Celeste Wickramasingha, Devinda Abdelfattah, Essam M. Pereira, Richard V. Okello, Emmanuel Maier, Gabriele Front Microbiol Microbiology Antimicrobials are necessary for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals, but increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a concern for veterinarians and livestock producers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on cow-calf operations in northern California to assess prevalence of AMR in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. shed in feces of beef cattle of different life stages, breeds, and past antimicrobial exposures and to evaluate if any significant factors could be identified that are associated with AMR status of the isolates. A total of 244 E. coli and 238 Enterococcus isolates were obtained from cow and calf fecal samples, tested for susceptibility to 19 antimicrobials, and classified as resistant or non-susceptible to the antimicrobials for which breakpoints were available. For E. coli, percent of resistant isolates by antimicrobial were as follows: ampicillin 100% (244/244), sulfadimethoxine 25.4% (62/244), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 4.9% (12/244), and ceftiofur 0.4% (1/244) while percent of non-susceptible isolates by antimicrobial were: tetracycline 13.1% (32/244), and florfenicol 19.3% (47/244). For Enterococcus spp., percent of resistant isolates by antimicrobial were as follows: ampicillin 0.4% (1/238) while percent of non-susceptible isolates by antimicrobial were tetracycline 12.6% (30/238) and penicillin 1.7% (4/238). No animal level or farm level management practices, including antimicrobial exposures, were significantly associated with differences in isolate resistant or non-susceptible status for either E. coli or Enterococcus isolates. This is contrary to the suggestion that administration of antibiotics is solely responsible for development of AMR in exposed bacteria and demonstrates that there are other factors involved, either not captured in this study or not currently well understood. In addition, the overall use of antimicrobials in this cow-calf study was lower than other sectors of the livestock industry. Limited information is available on cow-calf AMR from fecal bacteria, and the results of this study serve as a reference for future studies to support a better understanding and estimation of drivers and trends for AMR in cow-calf operations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9996069/ /pubmed/36910206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1086203 Text en Copyright © 2023 Morris, Wickramasingha, Abdelfattah, Pereira, Okello and Maier. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Morris, Celeste
Wickramasingha, Devinda
Abdelfattah, Essam M.
Pereira, Richard V.
Okello, Emmanuel
Maier, Gabriele
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices
title Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices
title_full Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices
title_fullStr Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices
title_short Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern California and associations with farm practices
title_sort prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal escherichia coli and enterococcus spp. isolates from beef cow-calf operations in northern california and associations with farm practices
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9996069/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36910206
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1086203
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