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Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vasc...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9996905/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36890458 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2 |
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author | Janaszak-Jasiecka, Anna Płoska, Agata Wierońska, Joanna M. Dobrucki, Lawrence W. Kalinowski, Leszek |
author_facet | Janaszak-Jasiecka, Anna Płoska, Agata Wierońska, Joanna M. Dobrucki, Lawrence W. Kalinowski, Leszek |
author_sort | Janaszak-Jasiecka, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O(2)(−)) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH(4), deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9996905 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99969052023-03-10 Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets Janaszak-Jasiecka, Anna Płoska, Agata Wierońska, Joanna M. Dobrucki, Lawrence W. Kalinowski, Leszek Cell Mol Biol Lett Review Letter Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important molecules released by endothelial cells, and its antiatherogenic properties support cardiovascular homeostasis. Diminished NO bioavailability is a common hallmark of endothelial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Vascular NO is synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the substrate L-arginine (L-Arg), with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) as an essential cofactor. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, aging, or smoking increase vascular oxidative stress that strongly affects eNOS activity and leads to eNOS uncoupling. Uncoupled eNOS produces superoxide anion (O(2)(−)) instead of NO, thus becoming a source of harmful free radicals exacerbating the oxidative stress further. eNOS uncoupling is thought to be one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction observed in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we discuss the main mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling, including oxidative depletion of the critical eNOS cofactor BH(4), deficiency of eNOS substrate L-Arg, or accumulation of its analog asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and eNOS S-glutathionylation. Moreover, potential therapeutic approaches that prevent eNOS uncoupling by improving cofactor availability, restoration of L-Arg/ADMA ratio, or modulation of eNOS S-glutathionylation are briefly outlined. BioMed Central 2023-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9996905/ /pubmed/36890458 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Letter Janaszak-Jasiecka, Anna Płoska, Agata Wierońska, Joanna M. Dobrucki, Lawrence W. Kalinowski, Leszek Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
title | Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
title_full | Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
title_fullStr | Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
title_full_unstemmed | Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
title_short | Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
title_sort | endothelial dysfunction due to enos uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets |
topic | Review Letter |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9996905/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36890458 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2 |
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