Antimicrobial activity of ceftibuten-avibactam against a global collection of Enterobacterales from patients with urinary tract infections (2021)

We evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftibuten-avibactam against Enterobacterales causing urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 3216 isolates (1/patient) were consecutively collected from patients with UTI in 72 hospitals from 25 countries in 2021 then susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution. Ceftibuten-susceptible breakpoints currently published by EUCAST (≤ 1 mg/L) and CLSI (≤ 8 mg/L) were applied to ceftibuten-avibactam for comparison. The most active agents were ceftibuten-avibactam (98.4%/99.6% inhibited at ≤ 1/ ≤ 8 mg/L), ceftazidime-avibactam (99.6% susceptible [S]), amikacin (99.1%S), and meropenem (98.2%S). Ceftibuten-avibactam (MIC(50/90), 0.03/0.06 mg/L) was fourfold more potent than ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC(50/90), 0.12/0.25 mg/L) based on MIC(50/90) values. The most active oral agents were ceftibuten (89.3%S; 79.5% inhibited at ≤ 1 mg/L), levofloxacin (75.4%S), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX; 73.4%S). Ceftibuten-avibactam inhibited 97.6% of isolates with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype, 92.1% of multidrug-resistant isolates, and 73.7% of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) at ≤ 1 mg/L. The second most active oral agent against CRE was TMP-SMX (24.6%S). Ceftazidime-avibactam was active against 77.2% of CRE isolates. In conclusion, ceftibuten-avibactam was highly active against a large collection of contemporary Enterobacterales isolated from patients with UTI and exhibited a similar spectrum to ceftazidime-avibactam. Ceftibuten-avibactam may represent a valuable option for oral treatment of UTI caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10096-023-04562-4.