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Durable Nanocellulose-Stabilized Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical Problem
[Image: see text] The use of dithizone (DTZ) for colorimetric heavy-metal detection is approximately one century old. However, its pending stability issues and the need for simple indicators justify further research. Using cellulose nanofibers, we attained DTZ-containing emulsions with high stabilit...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999351/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36821826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c22713 |
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author | Aguado, Roberto J. Mazega, André Fiol, Núria Tarrés, Quim Mutjé, Pere Delgado-Aguilar, Marc |
author_facet | Aguado, Roberto J. Mazega, André Fiol, Núria Tarrés, Quim Mutjé, Pere Delgado-Aguilar, Marc |
author_sort | Aguado, Roberto J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] The use of dithizone (DTZ) for colorimetric heavy-metal detection is approximately one century old. However, its pending stability issues and the need for simple indicators justify further research. Using cellulose nanofibers, we attained DTZ-containing emulsions with high stability. These emulsions had water (at least 95 wt %) and acetic acid (1–8 mL/L) conforming the continuous phase, while dispersed droplets of diameter <1 μm contained chloroform-solvated DTZ (3 wt %). The solvation cluster was computed by molecular dynamics simulations, suggesting that chloroform slightly reduces the dihedral angle between the two sides of the thiocarbazone chain. Nanocellulose concentrations over 0.2 wt % sufficed to obtain macroscopically homogeneous mixtures with no phase separation. Furthermore, the rate of degradation of DTZ in the nanocellulose-stabilized emulsion did not differ significantly from a DTZ/chloroform solution, outperforming DTZ/toluene and DTZ/acetonitrile. Not only is the emulsion readily and immediately responsive to mercury(II), but it also decreases interferences from other ions and from natural samples. Unexpectedly, neither lead(II) nor cadmium(II) triggered a visual response at trace concentrations. The limit of detection of these emulsions is 15 μM or 3 mg/L, exceeding WHO limits for mercury(II) in drinking water, but they could be effective at raising alarms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9999351 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-99993512023-03-11 Durable Nanocellulose-Stabilized Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical Problem Aguado, Roberto J. Mazega, André Fiol, Núria Tarrés, Quim Mutjé, Pere Delgado-Aguilar, Marc ACS Appl Mater Interfaces [Image: see text] The use of dithizone (DTZ) for colorimetric heavy-metal detection is approximately one century old. However, its pending stability issues and the need for simple indicators justify further research. Using cellulose nanofibers, we attained DTZ-containing emulsions with high stability. These emulsions had water (at least 95 wt %) and acetic acid (1–8 mL/L) conforming the continuous phase, while dispersed droplets of diameter <1 μm contained chloroform-solvated DTZ (3 wt %). The solvation cluster was computed by molecular dynamics simulations, suggesting that chloroform slightly reduces the dihedral angle between the two sides of the thiocarbazone chain. Nanocellulose concentrations over 0.2 wt % sufficed to obtain macroscopically homogeneous mixtures with no phase separation. Furthermore, the rate of degradation of DTZ in the nanocellulose-stabilized emulsion did not differ significantly from a DTZ/chloroform solution, outperforming DTZ/toluene and DTZ/acetonitrile. Not only is the emulsion readily and immediately responsive to mercury(II), but it also decreases interferences from other ions and from natural samples. Unexpectedly, neither lead(II) nor cadmium(II) triggered a visual response at trace concentrations. The limit of detection of these emulsions is 15 μM or 3 mg/L, exceeding WHO limits for mercury(II) in drinking water, but they could be effective at raising alarms. American Chemical Society 2023-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9999351/ /pubmed/36821826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c22713 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Aguado, Roberto J. Mazega, André Fiol, Núria Tarrés, Quim Mutjé, Pere Delgado-Aguilar, Marc Durable Nanocellulose-Stabilized Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical Problem |
title | Durable
Nanocellulose-Stabilized
Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform
in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical
Problem |
title_full | Durable
Nanocellulose-Stabilized
Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform
in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical
Problem |
title_fullStr | Durable
Nanocellulose-Stabilized
Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform
in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical
Problem |
title_full_unstemmed | Durable
Nanocellulose-Stabilized
Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform
in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical
Problem |
title_short | Durable
Nanocellulose-Stabilized
Emulsions of Dithizone/Chloroform
in Water for Hg(2+) Detection: A Novel Approach for a Classical
Problem |
title_sort | durable
nanocellulose-stabilized
emulsions of dithizone/chloroform
in water for hg(2+) detection: a novel approach for a classical
problem |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999351/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36821826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c22713 |
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