Cargando…

Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychological disorders, with low rates of detection and early intervention. They can lead to significant mental and physical health complications, especially if intervention is delayed. Given high rates of morbidity and mortality, low treatment uptake,...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Koreshe, Eyza, Paxton, Susan, Miskovic-Wheatley, Jane, Bryant, Emma, Le, Anvi, Maloney, Danielle, Touyz, Stephen, Maguire, Sarah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999654/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36899428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00758-3
_version_ 1784903702794993664
author Koreshe, Eyza
Paxton, Susan
Miskovic-Wheatley, Jane
Bryant, Emma
Le, Anvi
Maloney, Danielle
Touyz, Stephen
Maguire, Sarah
author_facet Koreshe, Eyza
Paxton, Susan
Miskovic-Wheatley, Jane
Bryant, Emma
Le, Anvi
Maloney, Danielle
Touyz, Stephen
Maguire, Sarah
author_sort Koreshe, Eyza
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychological disorders, with low rates of detection and early intervention. They can lead to significant mental and physical health complications, especially if intervention is delayed. Given high rates of morbidity and mortality, low treatment uptake, and significant rates of relapse, it is important to examine prevention, early intervention, and early recognition initiatives. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate literature on preventative and early intervention programs in EDs. METHODS: This paper is one of a series of Rapid Reviews, designed to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded, and released by the Australian Government. To provide a current and rigorous review, peer-reviewed articles between 2009 and 2021 published in English were searched across three databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline. Priority was given to high-level evidence including meta-analyses, systematic reviews, Randomised Control Trials, and large population studies. Findings from selected studies pertaining to prevention and early intervention in EDs were evaluated and are presented in this review. RESULTS: In total, 130 studies were identified in the current review, 72% relating to prevention and 28% to early intervention. Most programs were theory-driven and targeted one or more ED risk factors such as thin-ideal internalisation and/or body dissatisfaction. There is reasonable evidence to support prevention programs reducing risk factors, particularly as part of school or university-based programs, with established feasibility and relatively high acceptance among students. There is increasing evidence around the use of technology (to increase dissemination potential) and for use of mindfulness approaches (targeting emotional resilience). Few longitudinal studies assessing incident cases following participation in a prevention program exist. CONCLUSIONS: Although several prevention and early intervention programs have been shown to significantly reduce risk factors, promote symptom recognition, and encourage help-seeking behaviour, most of these studies have been conducted in older adolescent and university aged students, past the age of peak ED onset. One of the most targeted risk factors, body dissatisfaction, is found in girls as young as 6 years old, indicating a need for further research implementing prevention initiatives at younger ages. Follow-up research is limited; thus, the long-term efficacy and effectiveness of studied programs is unknown. Greater attention should be paid to the implementation of prevention and early intervention programs in identified high-risk cohorts or diverse groups, where a more targeted approach may be necessary. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s40337-023-00758-3).
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9999654
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-99996542023-03-11 Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review Koreshe, Eyza Paxton, Susan Miskovic-Wheatley, Jane Bryant, Emma Le, Anvi Maloney, Danielle Touyz, Stephen Maguire, Sarah J Eat Disord Review BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychological disorders, with low rates of detection and early intervention. They can lead to significant mental and physical health complications, especially if intervention is delayed. Given high rates of morbidity and mortality, low treatment uptake, and significant rates of relapse, it is important to examine prevention, early intervention, and early recognition initiatives. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate literature on preventative and early intervention programs in EDs. METHODS: This paper is one of a series of Rapid Reviews, designed to inform the Australian National Eating Disorders Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031, funded, and released by the Australian Government. To provide a current and rigorous review, peer-reviewed articles between 2009 and 2021 published in English were searched across three databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed and Ovid/Medline. Priority was given to high-level evidence including meta-analyses, systematic reviews, Randomised Control Trials, and large population studies. Findings from selected studies pertaining to prevention and early intervention in EDs were evaluated and are presented in this review. RESULTS: In total, 130 studies were identified in the current review, 72% relating to prevention and 28% to early intervention. Most programs were theory-driven and targeted one or more ED risk factors such as thin-ideal internalisation and/or body dissatisfaction. There is reasonable evidence to support prevention programs reducing risk factors, particularly as part of school or university-based programs, with established feasibility and relatively high acceptance among students. There is increasing evidence around the use of technology (to increase dissemination potential) and for use of mindfulness approaches (targeting emotional resilience). Few longitudinal studies assessing incident cases following participation in a prevention program exist. CONCLUSIONS: Although several prevention and early intervention programs have been shown to significantly reduce risk factors, promote symptom recognition, and encourage help-seeking behaviour, most of these studies have been conducted in older adolescent and university aged students, past the age of peak ED onset. One of the most targeted risk factors, body dissatisfaction, is found in girls as young as 6 years old, indicating a need for further research implementing prevention initiatives at younger ages. Follow-up research is limited; thus, the long-term efficacy and effectiveness of studied programs is unknown. Greater attention should be paid to the implementation of prevention and early intervention programs in identified high-risk cohorts or diverse groups, where a more targeted approach may be necessary. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s40337-023-00758-3). BioMed Central 2023-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9999654/ /pubmed/36899428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00758-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Koreshe, Eyza
Paxton, Susan
Miskovic-Wheatley, Jane
Bryant, Emma
Le, Anvi
Maloney, Danielle
Touyz, Stephen
Maguire, Sarah
Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
title Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
title_full Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
title_fullStr Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
title_full_unstemmed Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
title_short Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
title_sort prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999654/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36899428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40337-023-00758-3
work_keys_str_mv AT koresheeyza preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT paxtonsusan preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT miskovicwheatleyjane preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT bryantemma preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT leanvi preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT maloneydanielle preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT touyzstephen preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview
AT maguiresarah preventionandearlyinterventionineatingdisordersfindingsfromarapidreview