“…Recent observations suggest that development of venous gas emboli (VGE) during high-altitude flying whilst breathing hyperoxic gas will be reduced by intermittent excursions to moderate altitude. …”
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“…PURPOSE: Military parachute operations are often executed at high altitude, from an unpressurized aircraft compartment. …”
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“…Due to the observations of weight loss at high altitude, normobaric hypoxia has been considered as a method of weight loss in obese individuals. …”
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“…Twenty-four hours prior to one of the altitude exposures, each subject performed 15 min of eccentric arm-crank exercise. …”
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“…Eleven healthy male lowlanders underwent three 21‐day confinement periods, in a counterbalanced order: (1) normoxic bed rest (NBR; P(I)O (2): 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg); (2) hypoxic bed rest (HBR; P(I)O (2): 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg, ambient simulated altitude of ~4000 m); and (3) hypoxic ambulation (HAMB; P(I)O (2): 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg). …”
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“…The inspired O(2) (F(i)O(2)) fraction next to inspired O(2) (P(i)O(2)) partial pressure were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for the NBR variant in contrast to 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg (approx. 4,000 m of simulated altitude) for HBR and HAmb interventions, respectively. (1)H-NMR metabolomes were processed using standard quantitative approaches. …”
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“…The level of hypoxia corresponded to 4000 m altitude. miRNAs from v. lateralis muscle biopsies were analyzed using a microarray covering ≈4000 human miRNAs. …”
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“…To assess the effect of normobaric hypoxia on metabolism, gut hormones, and body composition, 11 normal weight, aerobically trained (O(2peak): 60.6 ± 9.5 ml·kg(−1)·min(−1)) men (73.0 ± 7.7 kg; 23.7 ± 4.0 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.4 kg·m(−2)) were confined to a normobaric (altitude ≃ 940 m) normoxic (NORMOXIA; P(I)O(2) ≃ 133.2 mmHg) or normobaric hypoxic (HYPOXIA; P(I)O was reduced from 105.6 to 97.7 mmHg over 10 days) environment for 10 days in a randomized cross-over design. …”
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“…Methods: Eleven participants completed three randomized, counter-balanced, 21-days trials of: (1) normoxic bed rest (NBR, P(I)O(2) = 133.1 ± 0.3), (2) hypoxic ambulatory confinement (HAMB, P(I)O(2) = 90.0 ± 0.4) and (3) hypoxic bed rest (HBR, P(I)O(2) = 90.0 ± 0.4; ~4,000 m equivalent altitude). Full objective polysomnography was performed at baseline, on Night 1 and Night 21 in each condition. …”
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“…METHODS: Fourteen healthy, male participants underwent a 10-day hypoxic confinement at ∼4000 m simulated altitude (F(I)O(2) = 0.139±0.003%) either combined with daily moderate intensity exercise (Exercise group; N = 8, Age = 25.8±2.4 yrs, BMI = 22.9±1.2 kg·m(−2)) or without any exercise (Sedentary group; N = 6 Age = 24.8±3.1 yrs, BMI = 22.3±2.5 kg·m(−2)). …”
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“…METHODS: Forty male participants undertook three 10-day acclimation protocols including daily exercise training: heat acclimation (HeA; daily exercise training at an ambient temperature, T(a) = 35 °C), combined heat and hypoxic acclimation (HeA/HypA; daily exercise training at T(a) = 35 °C, while confined to a simulated altitude of ~ 4000 m) and exercise training in normoxic thermoneutral conditions (NorEx; no environmental stressors). …”
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“…The fraction of inspired O(2) (F(i)O(2)) and partial pressure of inspired O(2) (P(i)O(2)) were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for NBR and 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg for both hypoxic variants (HBR and HAmb; ~4000 m simulated altitude), respectively. A number of parameters linked to intestinal environment such as defecation frequency, intestinal electrical conductivity (IEC), sterol and polyphenol content and diversity, indole, aromaticity and spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were measured (64 variables). …”
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“…METHODS: Twelve women (Age = 27 ± 3 year) took part in three 10-day interventions, in a repeated measures cross-over counterbalanced design: (1) normobaric normoxic BR (NBR), (2) normobaric hypoxic BR (HBR; simulated altitude of 4,000 m), and (3) normobaric hypoxic ambulatory (HAMB; 4,000 m) confinement, during which sleep was assessed on night 1 and night 10 with polysomnography. …”
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“…The fraction of inspired O(2) (F(i)O(2)) and partial pressure of inspired O(2) (P(i)O(2)) were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for NBR and 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg for both hypoxic variants (HBR and HAmb; ~4,000 m simulated altitude), respectively. A number of parameters linked to intestinal transit spanning Bristol Stool Scale, defecation rates, zonulin, α(1)-antitrypsin, eosinophil derived neurotoxin, bile acids, reducing sugars, short chain fatty acids, total soluble organic carbon, water content, diet composition, and food intake were measured (167 variables). …”
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“…During the HBR intervention, subjects were exposed to normobaric hypoxia equivalent to an altitude of 4,000m. NBR and HBR interventions were conducted in a random order and separated by a washout period. …”
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“…The fraction of inspired O(2) (F(i)O(2)) and partial pressure of inspired O(2) (P(i)O(2)) were 0.209 and 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg for the NBR and 0.141 ± 0.004 and 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg (~4,000 m simulated altitude) for HBR and HAmb interventions, respectively. …”
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