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  1. 1
    “…Six (40%) patients developed a MDRO after a median of 14.5 antibiotic days [IQR 11.75, 37.5]. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: Repeat TAs are performed in the PICU, often identifying the same pathogen repeatedly, likely representing colonization. …”
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    196. Repeat Tracheal Aspirates in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients: Frequency, Resistance and Antimicrobial Use
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    “…Co-detection with other viruses was common among all AdV types, with RV and RSV being the most frequently co-detected (Figure 1b). Fever and cough were the most common symptoms for all AdV types (Figure 2). …”
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    2196. Frequencies of Adenovirus Types in U.S. Children with Acute Respiratory Illness, 2016–2019
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    “…NA – Not Applicable, TP – True positive, TN – True Negative, FP – False Positive, FN - False Negative Figure 1. [Figure: see text] Detections of other respiratory viruses (excluding Flu, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV) on the SPOTFIRE platform CONCLUSION: All 3 assays showed comparable performance ( >95% agreement) for Flu A and B detection; performance for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV detection varied, even for samples with high viral load. …”
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    634. Head-to Head Comparison of the Performance of BIOFIRE(®) SPOTFIRE(®) Respiratory/Sore throat Panel, Cepheid Xpert(®) Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV and Cobas(®) SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B Assay for Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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    “…PIV-1 had biennial fall seasonality; PIV-2 was detected mostly during the fall of 2018; PIV-3 detections peaked annually in the spring; and PIV-4 was detected year-round (Figure). One in 6 children required ICU care. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: PIV infections were detected in 6% of ARI hospitalizations and occurred throughout the year, with seasonal variation in serotype dominance. …”
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    1104. Characteristics and Seasonality of Children Hospitalized with Parainfluenza Virus Infections (PIV), including PIV-4, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020
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    “…Figure [Figure: see text] Adjusted odds ratios of antiviral prescription among children with influenza. …”
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    1101. Antiviral Prescription in Children with Influenza in Emergency Departments (ED): New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016–2020
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    “…From March 2020-January 2021, the overall percentage of enrolled children with respiratory testing who had detectable RV/EV was similar compared to the same time period in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 (Figure 1, Table 1). In contrast, the percent positivity of RSV, influenza, and other respiratory viruses combined declined compared to prior years, (p< 0.001, Figure 1, Table 1). …”
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    154. Circulation of Rhinovirus/Enterovirus Respiratory Infections in Children During 2020-21 in the United States
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    “…Figure 1. [Figure: see text] Relative frequencies of respiratory viruses co-detected with PIV in U.S. children <2 years old, stratified by highest* level of care received, NVSN, 2016–2020. …”
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    1754. Parainfluenza Virus Co-detection With Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Influenza is Associated with Higher Odds of Hospitalization in Children < 2 Years Old, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2016–2020
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    “…Median number of days [95% confidence interval] when repeat convalescent tests became negative varied by virus (AdV 15 [11,undefined] days, Flu A 14 [9,19] days, RV/EV 12 [11,14] days, SARS-CoV-2 14 [14,17] days, sCoV 10 [9,12] days) (Figure). [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: Students and staff continued to have detectable virus by nasal swabs 10-15 days after symptomatic positive specimen. …”
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    2653. Duration of Respiratory Virus Detection by Multipathogen PCR Testing after Acute Respiratory Illness
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    “…Median length of hospitalization was 2 days (IQR: 1,3); 687 (17%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, of whom 119 (17%) required intubation. Figure. Detection and seasonality of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children 5–17 years, 2016–2020 [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: Respiratory viruses were detected in more than half of ARI-related hospitalizations in children aged ≥ 5 years. …”
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    1755. Hospitalizations for Respiratory Viruses among Children 5–17 Years of Age in the Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic Era, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020
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    “…VE against hospitalization was 46% (95% CI: 36%, 54%) among children with underlying medical conditions and 59% (95% CI: 48%, 68%) among children without. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: Vaccination reduced the odds of influenza illness in children with and without underlying conditions. …”
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    1733. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination Against Influenza-Associated Emergency Department (ED) Visits and Hospitalizations Among Children With and Without Underlying Medical Conditions, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), 2015-2016 through 2019-2020 Influenza Seasons
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    “…Asthma exacerbation was a common primary discharge diagnosis among IPs but was less common in 2022 than 2018 (43% vs 53%; p=0.030). [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: EV-D68 circulation was high in 2018, appeared to be disrupted in 2020, and returned with early and high circulation in 2022. …”
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    905. Epidemiology of Enterovirus D68 in the US: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2017–2022
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    “…More participants were enrolled in 2020-2021, but the overall usage of cRPP is similar between years (Table 2). [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: In this large cohort of children hospitalized with ARI, medical complexity, technological dependence, and age < 2 months were associated with increased utilization of cRPPs. …”
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    1750. Factors associated with respiratory pathogen panel utilization in children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness — New Vaccine Surveillance Network, Kansas City, 2017–2021
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    “…Of those positive children treated, 7/16 (44%) tested by RIDT vs. 22/31 (71%) by molecular testing started treatment on the day of testing (Figure, B). CONCLUSION: Half of hospitalized children with ARI who tested positive for influenza received antiviral treatment. …”
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    Influenza Clinical Diagnostic Testing and Antiviral Treatment among Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness During the 2015–16 Influenza Season
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    “…A total of 51 EEGs were completed in 31 infants; 20 infants (18%) had seizures reported. 17 infants required anticonvulsants. Two infants died. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: We report the first multi-site, clinical description of the 2022 U.S. outbreak of HPeV among neonates and young infants. …”
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    1747. Clinical Spectrum of a Large Multi-State U.S. Cohort of Parechovirus Infection in Neonates and Young Infants
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    “…Among those positive for a HCoV age, race, and insurance status were significantly associated with hospitalization. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: HCoV followed a winter-season circulation pattern, but with variation in the predominant type across years. …”
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    1752. Seasonal Human Coronavirus in Pediatric Patients enrolled by the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016-2020
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    “…Increased odds of a positive test were observed among enrollees who reported runny nose (adjusted OR 1.4 [CI 1.0, 1.8]), congestion (adjusted OR 2.2 [CI1.6, 2.8]), cough (adjusted OR 1.5 [CI 1.1, 1.9]), or sore throat (adjusted OR 1.5 [CI 1.1, 2.0]) but not fever (adjusted OR 1.1 [CI 0.7,1.8]). [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: More research is needed to understand if students with respiratory sx are more likely than asymptomatic students to shed transmissible respiratory viruses. …”
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    2628. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children and staff in Pre-K—12(th) grade schools and subsequent results from respiratory virus testing
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    “…We compared the cumulative proportions of RSV and influenza detection after week 13 in 2020 to the previous seasons using Fisher’s exact test. Figure 1. Numbers of Eligible and Enrolled Acute Respiratory Illness Cases, and Proportions of RSV and Influenza Detection by Week, Stratified by Study Season [Image: see text] RESULTS: Of 44,247 eligible children, 25,375 (57%) were enrolled and tested for RSV and/or influenza. …”
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    78. Acute Respiratory Illnesses in Children During the sars-cov-2 Pandemic: A Prospective Multicenter Surveillance Study
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    “…The highest frequency of EV detections was in summer to fall months, and for PeV-A in late summer through early winter. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: We report a higher prevalence of EV infections in AGE, and PeV-A infections in HC during 2011 to 2018, plus their seasonal and age distributions. …”
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    1459. Prevalence of Enterovirus and Parechovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis and in Healthy Controls over a 7-year Period; 2011-2018
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    “…The frequency of AV prescription differed by study site (Figure 1). Among research-tested flu-positive patients, AV were prescribed to 25% of children < 2 years, 31% of children with UC, and 51% admitted to the hospital from the ED (Table 1). …”
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    2614. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Antiviral Prescription in Influenza-Positive Children who Presented to Seven US Emergency Departments
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    “…Among tested antibiotic recipients, the predominant pathogens detected were norovirus [IP=58/422 (14%), ED=40/304 (13%)] and rotavirus [IP=89/886 (10%), ED=40/531 (8%)] without bacterial codetection, and Enteropathogenic E. coli [IP=10/93 (11%), ED=4/39 (10%)]. [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSION: Overall antibiotic use for AGE among enrolled children was low but was higher among IP, especially in infants and those with severe AGE. …”
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    650. Antibiotic Use among Children Seeking Medical Care with Acute Gastroenteritis within the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2011-2021
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