“…An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) able to digitize current generated from ionization chambers was designed and characterized in order to be used as the front-end of the new radiation monitoring system at CERN. The design of the Utopia 2 ASIC was motivated by the need to measure input currents as low as 2 fA and over a wide dynamic range of 9 decades. …”
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“…An ultra-low current sensing digitizer circuit was designed for radiation monitoring for personnel and environmental safety at CERN.The Ultralow Picoammeter 2 (Utopia 2) ASIC includes some key functionalities like on-chip active leakage current compensation, charge balancing and range changing. …”
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“…The Utopia 2 is able to digitize currents from 1 femtoampere (fA) up to 5 microamperes ($\mu$A). …”
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“…The Ultra-low Picoammeter 2 (Utopia 2) ASIC, is based on the current to frequency converter (CFC) architecture and can compensate for the net input leakage currents due to a dummy channel scheme. …”
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