“…Now, in a numerable synchrotron and laser laboratories in Europe, there is carried out, since a couple of years, intense applied research on free electron lasers (FEL) [17,18]. Similarly, in this country, free electron laser in Poland – POLFEL [9] is, in a design, a coherent light source of the IVth generation, characterized by very short pulses in the range of 10-100fs, of big power 0,2GW and UV wavelength of 27nm, of average power 1W, with effective high power third harmonic of 9nm. …”
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“…The transfer characteristics deviations in the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg experiment have been investigated. …”
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“…It was shown that free electrons appear in the conduction band of PWO and YAGG:Ce crystals within a sub-picosecond time scale, while the free holes in GAGG:Ce appear due to delocalization from Gd^3+ ground states to the valence band within a few picoseconds after short-pulse excitation. …”
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“…The three generation heterotic-string models in the free fermionic formulation are among the most realistic string vacua constructed to date, which motivated their detailed investigation. …”
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“…The pinch of the electron cloud due to a passing proton bunch was extensively studied in a field free region and in a dipolar magnetic field. For the latter study, a strong field approximation helped to formulate the equations of motion and to understand the complex electron pinch dynamics, which exhibited some similarities with the field-free situation. …”
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“…We identify an interesting subclass of these vacua, approximately one to one million, whose massless spectrum is completely free of fractionally charge states.…”
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“…Linear accelerators driving Free Electron Lasers (FELs), such as the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) or the X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), require sophisticated Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) control systems. …”
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“…Free Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) and XRay Free Electron Laser (XFEL) are linear accelerators that require a complex and accurate Low Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) control system. …”
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“…The compactification space is obtained as a resolution of the T6/Z2xZ2xZ2-free orbifold. The Z2-free involution of such a resolution breaks the SU(5) GUT group down to the SM gauge group using a suitably chosen (freely acting) Wilson line. …”
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“…We extend the classification of free fermionic heterotic-string models to vacua in which the SO(10) GUT symmetry is broken at the string level to the Pati-Salam subgroup. …”
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“…We study aspects of the phenomenon of gravitational UV-self-completeness and its implications for deformations of Einstein gravity. In a ghost-free theory flowing to Einstein gravity in the IR trans-Planckian propagating quantum degrees of freedom cannot exist. …”
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“…Abstract: Linear accelerators such as Free Electron Lasers (FELs) use superconducting (SC) resonant cavities to accelerate electron beam to high energies. …”
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“…Abstract—Gamma and neutron radiation is produced during the normal operation of linear accelerators like Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) or X-ray Free Electron Laser (X-FEL). …”
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“…We demonstrate the existence of heterotic-string vacua that are free of massless exotic fields. The need to break the non-Abelian GUT symmetries in k=1 heterotic-string models by Wilson lines, while preserving the GUT embedding of the weak-hypercharge and the GUT prediction sin^2\theta_w(M(GUT))=3/8, necessarily implies that the models contain states with fractional electric charge. …”
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“…Finite temperature configurations, which are free of Hagedorn instabilities, are constructed in the presence of non-trivial "gravito-magnetic" fluxes. …”
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