“…Four machine learning (ML) algorithms, one deep learning algorithm, and an automated machine learning (AutoML) builder were used for the multilabel classification task: Random Forest (RF), Tree Ensemble (TE), Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT), and Google’s AutoML builder (Alphabet, Inc., Mountain View, CA), respectively. On the unbalanced dataset, the manually coded algorithms all performed similarly with F1 scores of 0.811 for RF, 0.813 for TE, 0.813 for GBT, 0.828 for MLP, and 0.847 for ULMFiT. …”
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“…WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC: Communication can be attempted using visual charts, eye gaze boards, alphabet boards, speech/phrase reading, gestures and speaking valves in critically ill patients with speech impairments. …”
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“…Organisms from the order Thermoplasmatales affiliated with the so-called “alphabet-plasmas”, and collectively dubbed “E-plasma”, were the focus of this study. …”
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“…Although respondents with significant psychological symptoms were routinely referred to available mental health services, we were able to do less for unregistered refugees with problems in accessing health care. Language/alphabet differences and differing dialects of Arabic posed another challenge in both translation and administration of the scales. …”
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“…METHODS: We applied a 5-day design sprint methodology developed by Google Ventures (Alphabet Inc, Mountain View, CA) to create our initial dashboard prototype. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: YouTube (Alphabet Incorporated) has become the most popular video-sharing platform in the world. …”
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“…Participants will provide consent via the study app, which they will download from the Google Play store (Alphabet Inc) or Apple App Store (Apple Inc). They will also provide consent to share their Fitbit data. …”
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“…Our models demonstrate these constraints on the properties of constituent monomers result in biophysical properties found in modern DNA and RNA including strand directionality, anti-parallel strand orientation, homochirality, quadruplet alphabet, and complementary base pairing. Furthermore, competition between RNA and DNA auto-replicators for 3 nucleotides in common permit states coexistence and possible cooperative interactions that could be incorporated into nascent living systems. …”
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“…The participants were instructed to utter a popular pangram containing all the letters in the English alphabet, “the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” …”
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“…We compared the behavior of three language groups in a tachistoscopic English word sequential matching task: English monolinguals (or alphabetic monolinguals, A-Ms), bilinguals with an alphabetic-L1 and English-L2 (alphabetic-alphabetic bilinguals, AA-Bs), and bilinguals with Chinese-L1 and English-L2 (logographic-alphabetic bilinguals, LA-Bs). …”
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“…Contextual predictability influences both the probability and duration of eye fixations on words when reading Latinate alphabetic scripts like English and German. However, it is unknown whether word predictability influences eye movements in reading similarly for Semitic languages like Arabic, which are alphabetic languages with very different visual and linguistic characteristics. …”
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“…We consider a model for the evolution of surname distribution under a gender-equality measure currently being discussed by the Spanish Parliament (whereby children would adopt their mother's and father's surnames in alphabetical order). We quantify how this would bias the alphabetical distribution of surnames, and analyze its effect on the present distribution of surnames in Spain.…”
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“…The relationship between orthography (spelling) and phonology (speech sounds) varies across alphabetic languages. Consequently, learning to read a second alphabetic language, that uses the same letters as the first, increases the phonological associations that can be linked to the same orthographic units. …”
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“…The aim of this study was to examine the differential impact of an acquired brain lesion on the reading of the logographic, syllabic and alphabetic writing systems of a bilingual Portuguese-Japanese aphasic patient (PF). …”
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“…The left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) has been implicated in this process in alphabetic languages. However, it is unclear whether the neural mechanisms underlying morphological processing in alphabetic languages would be the same in Chinese, a logographic language. …”
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“…Using artificial words of alphabetic writing and low-frequency English words as experimental materials, this study aims to compare the effect of frequency on the acquisition of grammar and meaning of alphabetic words between Chinese learners of the hieroglyphic native language and foreign learners of alphabetic native languages. …”
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“…This article provides a review of research on aging effects on eye movements during reading for different writing systems (i.e., alphabetic systems like English compared to non-alphabetic systems like Chinese), focused on appraising the importance of visual and cognitive factors, considering key methodological issues, and identifying vital questions that need to be addressed and topics for further investigation.…”
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“…However, given the large difference between Chinese characters and alphabetic scripts in terms of their orthographic rules, it is not clear at a fine spatial scale, whether Chinese characters engage the same VWFA in the occipito-temporal cortex as alphabetic scripts. …”
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“…Recent evidences from alphabetic languages support a cascaded view. However, given the different architecture of phonological encoding in non-alphabetic languages, it is not clear whether this view applies in Chinese, as a non-alphabetic script. …”
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