“…Studies in animals have shown that a wide range of airborne particulates including cigarette smoke, acid aerosols, metals, organic compounds, and combustion products can interfere with the normal defense processes of the lung to enhance susceptibility to respiratory infection or exacerbate allergic diseases. …”
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“…In this article I review the association between exposure to carrageenan and the occurrence of colonic ulcerations and gastrointestinal neoplasms in animal models. Although the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1982 identified sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of degraded carrageenan in animals to regard it as posing a carcinogenic risk to humans, carrageenan is still used widely as a thickener, stabilizer, and texturizer in a variety of processed foods prevalent in the Western diet. …”
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“…Despite their importance, studies on the therapeutic use of animals and animal parts have been neglected, when compared to plants. …”
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“…This report summarizes the results of a workshop on brain tumors in man and animals. Animals, especially rodents are often used as surrogates for man to detect chemicals that have the potential to induce brain tumors in man. …”
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“…The potential impact of an agent altering male reproductive function is greater for humans than for animals. Consequently, it is essential that sensitive criteria be used to look for effects on a multiplicity of target sites when an agent is evaluated using an animal model. …”
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“…The human male is of relatively low fertility and thus may be at greater risk from reproductive toxicants than are males of the common laboratory animal model species. Lack of knowledge of the physiological differences that contribute to interspecies variation between man and animals can prevent the effective application of animal data to the assessment of human reproductive risk. …”
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“…Some of the problems in extrapolating laboratory animal toxicity data to man are considered. The quantitative predictiveness of preclinical studies of anticancer drugs using dogs and monkeys for man has also been examined. …”
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“…A search of the literature and the experiments carried out by the authors of this review show that there are a number of animal models where the effect of homeopathic dilutions or the principles of homeopathic medicine have been tested. …”
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“…A few animal studies on the possible carcinogenic effect of magnetic fields have been published. …”
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“…The evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals preceded that observed in humans for nearly 30 agents and is the subject of this paper.…”
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“…Sentinel species data included observations of wild animals in field situations as well as experimental animal data. …”
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“…Two-year animal carcinogenicity experiments are used to evaluate the potential carcinogenicity from exposure to chemicals. …”
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“…Since induction of heme oxygenase is a general response to oxidative stress, we suspect that the differential toxicity of arsenic to human and animal cells could be due to arsenic's more efficient induction of oxidative damage in human cells.…”
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“…We have studied the role of the ras gene family in carcinogenesis using two different animal models. In one case, thymic lymphomas were induced in mice by either gamma or neutron radiation, and in the other, keratoacanthomas were induced in rabbit skin with dimethylbezanthracene. …”
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“…Aggregates of alveolar macrophages containing PVC particles were found in the lungs of all animals. These aggregates were more numerous in the monkey lungs. …”
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“…Assessment of such dysfunction should be an important component of agent safety testing, necessarily implying evaluation of psychophysical functions in laboratory animals. The logic of testing agent-induced sensory dysfunction, conceptual and practical factors affecting such tests, and the categories of experimental methods available are reviewed.…”
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“…Toxic effects referred to in this report are limited to those occurring in domestic and laboratory animals and include general toxicity, neurobehavioral toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. …”
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“…However, the fine dividing line between effects on initiation or on promotion, so clearly shown in the mouse two-stage skin cancer model, is not so clear as yet in models used for studies in nutritional carcinogenesis. The animal models for these studies have been primarily rats, mice and hamsters. …”
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“…This in turn allows greater utilization of the results from animals in making judgments about the effects in man from exposure to a given pollutant.…”
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