“…These models include “self-administration models,” in which the animal controls the exposure to alcohol, and “conditioning models,” in which the researcher controls the animal’s exposure to alcohol. …”
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“…Researchers have long sought an animal model for human alcohol consumption. This article describes an economic-based approach to a model of alcohol preference in rats. …”
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“…Crystallization by particle attachment (CPA) of amorphous precursors has been demonstrated in modern biomineralized skeletons across a broad phylogenetic range of animals. Precisely the same precursors, hydrated (ACC-H(2)O) and anhydrous calcium carbonate (ACC), have been observed spectromicroscopically in echinoderms, mollusks, and cnidarians, phyla drawn from the 3 major clades of eumetazoans. …”
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“…Nevertheless, in this review, we argue that challenges induced by some biotic (e.g., vegetation) and abiotic (e.g., terrain) factors may also be viewed as “positive” sources of stress or eustress, since they present complex problems, that when solved successfully elicit a greater degree of behavioral plasticity and adaptability in grazing animals. Chemically and structurally diverse landscapes require animals to display complex behaviors and exhibit adaptive capabilities, like building a balanced and safe diet or finding shelter, which ultimately lead to positive emotional states. …”
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“…In order to explore the molecular mechanism that underlies depression, different kinds of animal models of depression are used in laboratory experiments. …”
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“…Over the last few decades, numerous small animal models have been generated to mimic various pathomechanisms contributing to heart failure (HF). …”
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“…Animal models of FAS have allowed researchers to study the mechanisms behind alcohol’s deleterious effects on fetal development. …”
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“…This understanding will arise first from animal models of addiction where experimentation at the level of circuits and molecular biology is possible. …”
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“…In this review, we describe various animal models of HCC that facilitate effective ways to study therapeutic prevention strategies that have translational potential to be evaluated in a clinical context.…”
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“…We sought to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the current scope and value of animal models in FT. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify all studies relevant to preclinical animal FT. …”
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“…It is becoming increasingly common to hear life scientists say that high quality life science research relies upon high quality laboratory animal care. However, the idea that animal care is a crucial part of scientific knowledge production is at odds with previous social science and historical scholarship regarding laboratory animals. …”
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“…I conclude by outlining the conditions that a sound theory in animal ethics should meet. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to put in question the all-purposes function that sentience has come to play in animal ethics. …”
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“…Because of this tight focus, we lose all the other animals—invertebrates, for instance, are 98% of the animals on the planet. …”
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“…Integration of companion animals with naturally occurring disease into preclinical studies can complement and expand the knowledge gained from studies in other animal models, accelerate or improve the manner in which research is translated to the human clinic, and ultimately generate discoveries that will benefit the health of humans and animals.…”
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