“…Aminopyridines (2-AP, 3-AP, and 4-AP) selectively block K channels of squid axon membranes in a manner dependent upon the membrane potential and the duration and frequency of voltage clamp pulses. …”
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“…Known calcium loads imposed on the axon by stimulation produced proportional increments of free axoplasmic calcium. …”
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“…The potassium flux ratio across the axolemma of internally perfused, voltage-clamped giant axons of Loligo pealei has been evaluated at various membrane potentials and internal potassium concentrations ([K]i). …”
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“…The effects of n-alkylguanidine derivatives on sodium channel conductance were measured in voltage clamped, internally perfused squid giant axons. After destruction of the sodium inactivation mechanism by internal pronase treatment, internal application of n-amylguanidine (0.5 mM) or n-octylguanidine (0.03 mM) caused a time-dependent block of sodium channels. …”
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“…The interaction of internal anions with the delayed rectifier potassium channel was studied in perfused squid axons. Changing the internal potassium salt from K+ glutamate- to KF produced a reversible decline of outward K currents and a marked slowing of the activation of K channels at all voltages. …”
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“…The block of squid axon sodium channels by H ions was studied using voltage-clamp and internal perfusion techniques. …”
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“…We have investigated the effects of a mild oxidant, chloramine-T(CT), on the sodium and potassium currents of squid axons under voltage-clamp conditions. Sodium channel inactivation of squid giant axons can be completely removed by CT at neutral pH. …”
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“…The patch-clamp technique was implemented in the cut-open squid giant axon and used to record single K channels. We present evidence for the existence of three distinct types of channel activities. …”
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“…The squid giant axon was placed in a shallow narrow trough and current was sent in at two electrodes in opposite sides of the trough and out at a third electrode several centimeters away. …”
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“…The change in the transverse impedance of the squid giant axon caused by direct current flow has been measured at frequencies from 1 kc. per second to 500 kc. per second. …”
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“…Membrane-membrane interactions between axons and Schwann cells are required for initial myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system. …”
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“…Failure of axons to regenerate following acute or chronic neuronal injury is attributed to both the inhibitory glial environment and deficient intrinsic ability to re-grow. …”
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“…AIMS: Axonal pathology extends to the axonal cytoarchitecture leaving its signature on axoskeletal proteins. …”
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“…CONCLUSION: Genetic interactions involving multiple IgCAMs affecting axon outgrowth demonstrate functional overlap among IgCAMs during nervous system development.…”
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“…Axonal transport is responsible for the movement of signals and cargo between nerve termini and cell bodies. …”
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“…The developing optic pathway has proven one of the most informative model systems for studying mechanisms of axon guidance. The first step in this process is the directed extension of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons within the optic fibre layer (OFL) of the retina towards their exit point from the eye, the optic disc. …”
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“…Myelin of the adult central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major sources of inhibitors of axon regeneration following injury. The three known myelin-derived inhibitors (Nogo, MAG, and OMgp) bind with high affinity to the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) on axons and limit neurite outgrowth. …”
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“…One of the challenges to understanding nervous system development is to establish how a fairly limited number of axon guidance cues can set up the patterning of very complex nervous systems. …”
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“…CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that axonal transport is critical for gene transduction. …”
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