“…In this work, we only analyze the Biologics authorized in 2022. Furthermore, we also consider the orphan drugs authorized. …”
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“…The best-characterized selenoproteins from mammalian species and bacteria are discussed with emphasis on their biological function and catalytic mechanisms. A total of 25 genes coding for selenoproteins have been identified in the genome of mammals. …”
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“…However, as the numbers of both cellular-based biologics and the conditions being augmented by biologics continue to expand, there is a substantial need for high-quality investigations to support their routine use in most shoulder and elbow conditions. …”
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“…I evaluate various major ways that time may be relevant in biological scaling, including as (1) an independent “fourth dimension” in biological dimensional analyses, (2) a universal “biological clock” that synchronizes various biological rates/durations, (3) a scaling method that uses various biological time periods (allochrony) as scaling metrics, rather than various measures of physical size (allometry), as traditionally performed, (4) an ultimate body-size-related constraint on the rates/timing of biological processes/events that is set by the inevitability of death, and (5) a geological “deep time” approach for viewing the evolution of biological scaling patterns. …”
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“…Biological rhythms, including circadian and infradian rhythms, play an important role in epilepsy. …”
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“…The large environmental impacts and enormous economic costs caused by biological invasions provide a strong impetus for managing invasion risks. …”
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“…Amyloids are not only related to disease: functional amyloids are found in many biological systems and artificial peptide amyloids are developed into novel nanomaterials. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The need to execute a sequence of events in an orderly and timely manner is central to many biological processes, including cell cycle progression and cell differentiation. …”
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“…The substantial progress in our understanding of molecular and cellular biology has allowed us to design biological therapeutics ('biologicals') with defined targets and effector functions. …”
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“…The present analysis suggests that chemical hormesis is a reproducible and relatively common biological phenomenon. A quantitative scheme is presented for future application to the database.…”
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“…Immunoassays were used originally to detect large biological molecules. The new generation of these antibody-based assays can detect small synthetic compounds. …”
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