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“…Those interested in research questions on mobilisation typically rely on a bottom-up mapping strategy in order to characterise the total size and composition of interest group communities. …”
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“…We compute the total cross-section for Z boson production in bottom-quark fusion, applying to this case the method we previously used for Higgs production in bottom fusion. …”
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“…The adoption of the shared prosperity goal by the World Bank in 2013 and Sustainable Development Goal 10, on inequality, by the United Nations in 2015 should strengthen the focus of development interventions and cooperation on the income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution. This paper contributes to the incipient literature on within-country allocations of development institutions and assesses the geographic targeting of World Bank projects to the bottom 40 percent. …”
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“…Therefore, top-down invasive plant biological control efforts using natural enemies can affect systems on a wider scale than the intended agent – plant level, and can be significantly altered by bottom-up changes to the system, i.e., nutrient loading. …”
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“…A new flexible Turtle Excluder Device (TED) was tested for the first time on commercial bottom trawlers to assess its effectiveness in reducing bycatch in the Mediterranean Sea. …”
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“…Combining neural temporal fine structure processing, pupil-indexed listening effort, and behavioral FM thresholds accounted for 78% of the variability in multi-talker speech intelligibility. The disordered bottom-up and top-down markers of poor multi-talker speech perception identified here could inform the design of next-generation clinical tests for hidden hearing disorders.…”
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“…The target angle measured by the horizontal line array is, in fact, a conical angle that indicates the direction of the signal arriving at the line array sonar system. Accordingly, bottom bounce paths produce inaccurate target locations if they are interpreted as azimuth angles in the horizontal plane, as is commonly assumed in existing TMA technologies. …”
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“…Results showed that larval mortality was mostly top-down on S. acerifolium, linked to parasitism, but mostly bottom-up on S. myriacanthum, possibly linked to observed increased plant defenses. …”
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“…However, the ultimate cause for the bottom-up effects of precipitation is poorly understood, from a microbial perspective. …”
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“…The model is applicable for groove-like features, commonly applied in bottom grooved micromixers (BGMs), with widths from 40 to 120 µm and depths up to 100 µm. …”
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“…[Image: see text] Aiming at the unclear reorganization of the water cone shape and its flooding scope for a horizontal well in a heavy oil reservoir with bottom water, a new method was proposed in this paper to establish a numerical model with the starting pressure gradient (SPG) by commercial software to study water cone behavior. …”
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“…In the light of one of the most common waste management issues in urban areas, namely the elimination of municipal solid waste (MSW; about 486 kg of the waste per capita were generated in the EU in 2017), this study discusses one technique as an outlet in the construction industry for the by-product of the waste’s incineration in energy recovery facilities (i.e., MSW incinerator bottom ash—MIBA). There have been some investigations on the use of MIBA as partial replacement of cement to be used in cementitious composites, such as concrete and mortars. …”
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“…We introduce a mechanically guided scheme to build geometrically reconfigurable 3D mesostructures through a bottom-up design strategy based on a class of elementary reconfigurable structures with the simplest ribbon geometries. …”
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“…Indeed, bottom-up cognitive processes are mandatory for clarifying emotion-cognition interactions. …”
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“…Specifically, by employing a difference-in-differences (DID) method, this study shows that (1) overall, the adoption of the RCS has significantly reduced the discharge of sewage per unit of GDP and improved water quality to a considerable extent; (2) the RCS, functioning under China’s top-down bureaucratic structure, coupled with increasing encouragement of bottom-up oversight and citizen participation, has provided local governments with strong incentives to improve water quality in a timely manner in their respective jurisdictions through the introduction of a plethora of measures, ranging from increased investment in wastewater treatment to faithful enforcement of environmental regulations; (3) the positive changes anticipated as a result of the RCS cannot be materialized in regions that have difficulties sustaining economic growth or facilitating cross-boundary policy coordination; and (4) the long-term effectiveness of the RCS is based on its ability to compel local enterprises to innovate their modes of operation, ultimately leading to regional industrial upgrading. …”
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“…The bottom ash-based geopolymer composites were synthesized by adding a constant amount of waste glass (10% by weight) and increasing amounts of red mud (up to 30% by weight). …”
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