“…The amount of spinal GABA transmitter by microdialysis was observed to be decreased at the beginning and reached bottom at 150 min, then returned to the baseline level at 330 min. …”
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“…Methods: Microarray data for expression values of 4,311,721 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells drawn from 21 MDD, 8 BD, and 24 HC individuals were obtained from GEO (GSE39653); data for genes with expression in the bottom third for 80% or more of the samples were removed. …”
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“…We find all inputs are located in 44 nested subregions that directly innervate CeA-CRF neurons; most of them are top-down convergent inputs expressing Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and are centralized in cortex, especially in the layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex, which may directly relay information from the thalamus. While the bottom-up divergent inputs have the highest proportion of glutamate decarboxylase expression. …”
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“…Objective: Despite conditioned medium from microglia and TLR agonists were utilized to study their effects on neuronal cells, a Transwell coculture system, comprising lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia on top and retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells at the bottom more mimicking in vivo neuroinflammation, was employed to elucidate the mechanism of activated microglia on neuronal cells. …”
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“…This generally relates to the bottom-up attention system that a neural resource allocates for various ongoing stimuli. …”
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“…When comparing individuals in the top and bottom baseline TMAO levels thirds, the multivariate adjusted pooled HR was 1.29 (95% CI 1.11–1.51, P = 0.001) for all-cause mortality, and 1.45 (95% CI 1.01–2.09, P = 0.043) for cardiovascular death. …”
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“…The monetary aftershocks, namely, “more cash in hand required,” “decreased travel costs,” “shift to more certain or fixed revenue streams,” “lower rent costs,” “more zealous monitoring of cash collection cycle,” and “decreased entertainment costs,” occupy level I (top of the model being least critical shocks), and “tedious regulations” occupy level VIII (bottom of the model being the most vital). Other aftershocks form the middle of the model being moderate critical. …”
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“…Interactions between algae and bacteria represent an important inter-organism association in aquatic environments, which often have cascading bottom-up influences on ecosystem-scale processes. …”
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“…In this structure, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used as substrates, while the top sub cell has a [Formula: see text] absorber layer and the bottom sub cell has a [Formula: see text] absorber layer. …”
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“…First, when the NF is heated from the bottom through an opaque substrate, we demonstrate that our methodology permits the measurement of thermophysical properties (viscosity, surface tension, and diffusivity) of complex NF and biofluids. …”
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“…It is important to explore bottom-up approaches – recognizing issues related to coping behaviour and practical norms in the face of unrealistic, conflicting policy dictates.…”
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“…Many protein sequencing and proteomic investigations were successfully accomplished through MS dependent sequence elucidation of ‘short proteolytic peptides (typically: 7–20 amino acid residues), which is called the ‘shotgun’ or ‘bottom-up (BU)’ approach. While the BU approach continues as a workhorse for proteomics/protein sequencing, attempts to sequence intact proteins without proteolysis, called the ‘top-down (TD)’ approach started, due to ambiguities in the BU approach, e.g., protein inference problem, identification of proteoforms and the discovery of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). …”
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“…A unique non-planar MEA having meso-scale electrodes on the top side of a chip transitioning to traces onto the bottom side through electrical vias is presented in this work. …”
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“…LM was positively associated with BMD at almost sites (P<0.001), while leg FM/LM ratio had no relationship with BMD at any skeleton sites (P>0.05). Compared with the bottom tertile group of leg FM, the risk of OP was significantly lower in the top tertile group both in females (T3 vs T1: OR=0.206, 95% CI=0.098–0.433, P<0.001) and males (T3 vs T1: OR=0.385, 95% CI=0.182–0.815, P<0.05), even after adjusting for LM. …”
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“…Growing interest in how marginalised citizens can leverage countervailing power to make health systems more inclusive and equitable points to the need for politicised frameworks for examining bottom-up accountability initiatives. This study explores how political capabilities are manifested in the actions and strategies of Indigenous grassroots leaders of health accountability initiatives in rural Guatemala. …”
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“…Possibility of splashing and indenter sliding; (3) After infiltration, the condition of the remaining skeleton rock samples in the cylinder generally shows a trend of first decreasing rapidly, then increasing slowly, and then decreasing; (4) The gradation value n of the sample and the bottom There is a good correlation between the damaged area and the mean value S of the maximum area of the top water inrush channel. …”
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“…The resistive switching memory effects in metal-insulator-metal devices with aluminium (Al) as top electrode (TE) and bottom electrode (BE). A solution processed active layer consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles embedded in an insulating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been studied by using flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. …”
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“…Auditory predictions are thought to reflect bottom-up and top-down processing within hierarchically organized auditory areas. …”
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“…We assessed societal cost-of-illness bottom-up through structured face-to-face interviews and encompassed a wide range of cost components. …”
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“…We infer that strong environmental constraints found at the bottom and the top elevations are favoring closely-related species to prevail at those elevations. …”
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