“…The cost of illness of cancer was estimated using a bottom-up micro-costing approach. Direct costs of illness of cancer were measured by calculating out-of-pocket expenditure. …”
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“…Targeted cognitive training (TCT) is a “bottom-up” cognitive remediation intervention with efficacy for neurocognitive outcomes in schizophrenia, yet individual responses are variable. …”
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“…Some of them are the numerically dominant species in bottom communities. However, all members in that family have not yet been identified to the species level. …”
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“…Implications/Recommendations/Conclusions: The creation of a culture of interprofessional collaboration requires a simultaneous “top–down” and “bottom–up” approach with commitment by the university administration and faculty. …”
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“…Facile and efficient solution-processed bottom gate top contact organic field-effect transistor was fabricated by employing the active layer of picene (donor, D) and N,N′-di(dodecyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (acceptor, A). …”
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“…Mothers with nutrition knowledge scores in the upper tertile were more likely to adapt food consistency to the skills manifested by the child (88%) (OR = 1.88; Cl: 1.53–2.26, p < 0.05) and were less likely to delay the introduction of new foods that required chewing and biting (84%) (OR = 0.22; Cl: 0.09–0.34, p < 0.05) than mothers with nutrition knowledge scores in the bottom tertile. Maternal age, educational level and nutrition knowledge significantly increased the age at which infants were introduced to solid foods and the correct identification of the signs indicative of the child’s readiness to explore new tastes and foods with a new consistency. …”
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“…At the flow cell level, error rates are elevated in the bottom surfaces and > 90% of HiSeq and NovaSeq flow cells have at least one outlier error-prone tile. …”
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“…Goode and East Saint Louis archaeological sites, both of which are located in the American Bottom, an extensive Mississippi River floodplain in Southwestern Illinois. …”
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“…Substantial relative income loss was observed in patients with preinjury earnings in the top 3 quartiles, but changes in income were negligible for patients with preinjury earnings in the bottom quartile (19%; 95% CI, −4% to 48%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study of patients surgically treated for an orthopedic fracture at a US academic trauma center, fractures were associated with substantial individual and household income loss up to 5 years after injury, and 1 in 5 patients sustained catastrophic income loss in the 2 years after fracture. …”
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“…An activity-based costing, ‘bottom-up’ approach was used to calculate direct costs, while indirect costs of patients were assessed using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. …”
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“…Patients with a viral load in the top 50(th) percentile had an increased adjusted hazard of 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02–1.58, p = 0.03) for AKI as compared to those in the bottom 50(th) percentile. CONCLUSIONS: VL is weakly but significantly associated with in-hospital AKI after adjusting for confounders. …”
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“…The historic dataset of the eutrophic lake revealed a close linkage between annual loads of dissolved N (DN) and removal rates (NRR = 0.63 × DN load) and a significant correlation of the concentration of bottom water nitrate and removal rates. We further show that the seasonal increase in N removal rates of the eutrophic lake correlated significantly with seasonal oxygen fluxes measured across the water–sediment interface (R(2) = 0.75). …”
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“…Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays revealed that candidate genes directly bind to the promoter of bottom structural volatile synthesis genes (HcTPS1, HcTPS3, HcTPS10, and HcBSMT2). …”
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“…The layer of the metal foam notably improves the response time of the LHTES unit, and a 10% eccentricity of the porous layer toward the bottom improved the response time of the LHTES unit by 50%. …”
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“…Using patient-level, bottom-up resource-utilization data and local unit costs, we estimated patient-level costs of care and treatment in 2017 U.S. dollars over the 9-month evaluation follow-up period for the two models of care. …”
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“…This study establishes a “technology–vehicle–fleet” bottom–up framework to estimate the impacts of test procedure switching on technology effectiveness and regulation stringency. …”
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“…In contrast with the related multitask approaches, we show the benefit from applying the classification layers to the most spatially detailed feature map at the upper part of U-Net instead of the less detailed latent representation at the bottom. We train our model on approximately 1500 publicly available CT studies and test it on the holdout dataset that consists of 123 chest CT studies of patients drawn from the same healthcare system, specifically 32 COVID-19 and 30 bacterial pneumonia cases, 30 cases with cancerous nodules, and 31 healthy controls. …”
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“…This review paper aims to provide an overview of the structural organization of MXenes, different top-down and bottom-up approaches for synthesis of MXenes, whether they are fluorine-based or fluorine-free etching methods to produce biocompatible MXenes. …”
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“…We examined differential DNA methylation patterns using targeted methyl sequencing of regions regulating gene activity in groups of rural Gambian infants: (a) low and high birthweight (DNA from cord blood (n = 16 and n = 20, respectively), from placental trophoblast tissue (n = 21 and n = 20, respectively), and DNA from peripheral blood collected from infants at 12 months of age (n = 23 and n = 17, respectively)), and, (b) the top 10% showing rapid postnatal length gain (high, n = 20) and the bottom 10% showing slow postnatal length gain (low, n = 20) based on z score change between birth and 12 months of age (LAZ) (DNA from peripheral blood collected from infants at 12 months of age). …”
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“…In all cases then, using our “bottom–up” analytical approach, there was no evidence that bilingualism as a variable indicated differential cognitive performance – as a consequence, we conclude that bilinguals are not cognitively different from their monolingual counterparts, even in older demographics. …”
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