“…Multi-variate models were built using both top-down and bottom-up technique to establish the most predictive independent covariates. …”
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“…Gut–brain axis (GBA) communication relies on serotonin (5-HT) signaling between the gut epithelium and the peripheral nervous system, where 5-HT release patterns from the basolateral (i.e., bottom) side of the epithelium activate nerve afferents. …”
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“…[Formula: see text] was associated with risk of AF in multivariable adjusted models [[Formula: see text]; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.24, comparing the top to bottom quartile, [Formula: see text]]. Women living closer to roadways were at higher risk of AF (e.g., [Formula: see text]; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13 for living within [Formula: see text] of A3 roads, compared with [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]), but we did not observe adverse associations with exposures to [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text] , or [Formula: see text]. …”
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“…The Dinobryon species, the cosmopolitan Asterionella formosa Hass. and Fragilaria radians Kütz., dominated phytoplankton, and filamentous algae, Spirogyra, dominated at the bottom in the area with anthropogenic impact. The trophic level was higher than at the unaffected background site: the saprobity index varied from 1.45 to 2.17; the ratio of eutrophic species to oligotrophic species ranged from 1:2 to 3:1, and the ratio of mesosaprobiont biomass to endemics biomass ranged from 2:1 to 7:1. …”
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“…METHODS: A mixture of bottom-up and top-down costing was employed to estimate the provider cost per test and per HIV diagnosis for 2–18 year olds, through standard of care testing, and the incremental cost of index-linked HIV testing via three modalities: facility-based testing, home-based testing by a healthcare worker, and testing at home by the caregiver using an oral mucosal transudate test. …”
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“…The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine was identified as the top deliverer of GHE, with the Universities of Leicester and the Universities of Exeter joint bottom. We were unable to standardize quality assessments in this iteration of the project, but the release of student feedback to future assessors would help to improve the reliability of this study methodology. …”
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“…The study successfully couples the “bottom-up” CA model and “top-down” genetic algorithm to generate dynamic urban form optimization simulations. …”
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“…While M-CSF application had a distinct anabolic effect on callus size as well as trabecular thickness, this on bottom line did not improve biomechanical properties. …”
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“…RESULTS: In this study, we adopted a bottom-up approach of systematically engineering Bacillus subtilis, which has no detectable intrinsic MICP activity, for biomineralisation. …”
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“…Three themes were identified: (1) a focus on individual level services rather than multi-level or multi-sector integration, with an increasing emphasis on the need to consider broader determinants of population health as critical to integrated care for older adults with multimorbidity; (2) the need for policymakers to allow time for integration to embed, to enable new structures and relationships to develop and mature; and (3) the inherent tension between top-down and bottom-up driven approaches to integrated care requires a whole-systems structure, while allowing for local flexibilities. …”
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“…[Image: see text] The CCA ordination shows the relationships between Lyme Disease and climatic variables for the 55 Counties of California. The bottom right circle represents Lyme cases positively correlated with temperature anomaly (3.8 °F - 5.5 °F) and moderate annual mean temperature (56.5 °F - 62.5 °F). …”
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“…Each plot shows the number of patients flagged as low-risk by lowest aggregated prediction and the resulting accuracy for that fraction of patients. The bottom plot compares the MCURES fused model to the MCURES model. …”
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“…Of these 118 words, 49 (41.5%) words had a count of at least 110, which corresponded to the count of the bottom 10% (8/78) of the original MPQ pain descriptors. …”
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“…This study employed a bottom-up technique to synthesize copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles over hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. …”
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“…When MetS-IR was classified into four levels by quartile, we observed participants in the top level had 3.032-fold risk of mildly decreased eGFR (OR: 3.032, 95% CI: 1.841 to 4.991, p<0.001) compared with those from the bottom level. Further, we found the participants with higher MetS-IR score were more likely to aggravate into a worse renal state which presented as higher risk of accelerated decline of eGFR, by additional 28.3% risk in whole participants (OR: 1.283, 95% CI: 1.150 to 1.430, p<0.001) and 41.9% in men (OR: 1.419, 95% CI: 1.183 to 1.701, p<0.001). …”
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“…ABSTRACT: The keystone macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae), dominating shallow hard bottom zones, encounters a strongly and rapidly changing environment due to anthropogenic change over the last decades in the Baltic Sea. …”
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“…Alternatively, the results will be presented in bottom-line statements (objective 1) and a matrix outlining effective interventions (objective 2). …”
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“…VHWs are placed at the bottom of the health system hierarchy as cheap and low-skilled volunteers, irrespective of their highly valued social and political status within communities. …”
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“…The RPA reaction is carried out in the inner tube containing two hydrophobic holes at the bottom. After the completion of amplification reaction, the reaction solution enters the outer tube containing pre-stored Cas13a reagent under the action of centrifugation or shaking. …”
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“…A ground reaction force with a half-body weight was applied at the bottom of the floor to simulate the ground reaction when standing. …”
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