“…Proteomic strategies using the protease trypsin (known as bottom-up proteomics) were the first to be developed and optimized and form the dominant approach at present. …”
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“…It is hypothesized that perceptual narrowing and tuning in development is the result of a shift from primarily bottom-up processing to a combination of bottom-up and top-down influences. …”
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“…The equilibrium between bottom and side coordination is influenced by sterics, electronics, and polarity of the solvent. …”
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“…There is a growing understanding that both top-down and bottom-up signals underlie perception. But it is not known how these signals integrate with each other and how this depends on the perceived stimuli’s predictability. …”
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“…In doing so, the chosen high strength EZK400 Mg-alloy powder material was sintered using different sintering support bottom plate materials to evaluate the possibility of iron impurity pick up during sintering. …”
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“…This study aims to investigate the effect of adding circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) ash, desulfurization slag, air-cooled blast-furnace slag and coal bottom ash to the controlled low-strength material (CLSM). …”
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“…In addition, the concentration of SMX in the bottom layer was higher compared with that in the surface layer. …”
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“…It is noted that lower percentage of single heat source area in the bottom boundary increases the intensities of viscous entropy generation, thermal entropy generation and total entropy generation. …”
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“…In this review, we discuss fabrication methods of both top-down and bottom-up approaches and point to their advantages as well as their limitations, with more focus on the bottom-up approaches. …”
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“…The bottom teams were characterized by executing more defensive than offensive actions, showing fewer number of goals and a greater ball possession time in the final third of the field. …”
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“…The results reveal that two factors, namely the particle wettability and turbulent oscillations at the bottom part of vortex surface, play dominant roles in determining the particle incorporation behavior. …”
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“…The anti-biofouling property of TFN membranes for the PRO process was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and AFM, as well as contact angle measurements and zeta potential analysis of the bottom side of the support layer. The anti-biofouling effect of the fabricated membrane for the PRO process was analyzed by bacterial attachment tests on the bottom surface of the support layer and biofouling tests in a cross-flow operation system in the PRO mode (AL-DS). …”
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“…We propose that future studies in life satisfaction research should consider the integrated account of life satisfaction rather than a unitary bottom-up or top-down perspective.…”
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“…The corrosion behavior of the three alloys at the top and bottom of the reaction tube was compared. Both at the top of the reaction tube and at the bottom of the reaction tube, TA8 showed an increase in mass. 316 SS and alloy 625 showed mass gain at the top and mass loss at the bottom. …”
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“…We analyze the problem of the hierarchy of masses and mixings in orientifold realizations of the Standard Model. We present a bottom-up brane configuration that can generate such hierarchies.…”
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“…The algorithm’s performance is measured for light-quark jets, charm jets, and bottom jets. In some cases multiple methods can be used to measure the performance: methods using di-jet data and a pure sample of top-quark pair production are be used to measure the bottom-quark jet performance. …”
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“…The design of detectors dedicated to bottom studies at hadron colliders is discussed.…”
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“…It covers the biological background of visual and auditory attention, as well as bottom-up and top-down attentional mechanisms and discusses various applications. …”
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“…A high performance identification of jets produced via fragmentation of bottom quarks is crucial for the ATLAS physics programme. …”
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“…The Jet Vertex Charge algorithm, developed recently within the ATLAS collaboration, discriminates between jets resulting from the hadronisation of a bottom quark or bottom antiquark. This note describes a measurement of the performance of the algorithm and the extraction of data-to-simulation scale factors, made using $b$-tagged jets in candidate single lepton $t\bar{t}$ events. …”
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