“…These CeCbPs are transformed into ceria particles by calcination while maintaining their characteristic morphology. …”
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“…By using wet-chemical synthesis methods, the calcination time could be reduced from two calcination steps for 20 h at 850 °C and 1000 °C to only 1 h at 1000 °C for the spray-drying method. …”
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“…This was achieved by applying two types of cooling processes: (i) quenching the calcinated LLO samples with liquid nitrogen (quenched cooling), and (ii) slow cooling of LLO samples in the furnace at a controlled decreasing rate of the temperature (slow cooling). …”
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“…Manganese oxide composites with mixed valence states were prepared through the hydrothermal method by compositing with Ti(4)O(7) and calcining at different temperatures, and their ORR and OER catalytic performance were investigated. …”
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“…This work aimed at synthesizing MoO(3) and MoO(2) by a facile and cost-effective method using extract of orange peel as a biological chelating and reducing agent for ammonium molybdate. Calcination of the precursor in air at 450 °C yielded the stochiometric MoO(3) phase, while calcination in vacuum produced the reduced form MoO(2) as evidenced by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. …”
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“…With both humidity and O(2) present in the calcining atmosphere, isotopic equilibration is attained within 2 h at and above 400 °C. …”
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“…The production rate was 974 ± 83, 1057 ± 64 and 1042 ± 74 µmol(H2O2) h(−1) for calcined polyaniline, calcined nickel-modified polyaniline and Vulcan XC 72R (state-of-the-art electrocatalyst), respectively, which corresponds to 487 ± 42, 529 ± 32 and 521 ± 37 mol kg(−1)(cat) h(−1) (122 ± 10, 132 ± 8 and 130 ± 9 mol kg(−1)(cat) cm(−2)) for faradaic efficiencies of 58–78%.…”
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“…The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions for the composite particles were as follows: solid–liquid ratio of Srp to calcium nitrate solution 20%, aging time 20 h, calcination temperature 180 °C, and calcination time 90 min. …”
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“…The ratio of Fe(2)O(3) to TiO(2) and the calcination temperature were optimized to provide both high NIR reflectance and red color, which were 0.1 and 700 °C. …”
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“…The Co(3)O(4)/MCM-41-U prepared using Co(NO(3))(2) concentration of 10%, ultrasonic time of 2 h, calcination temperature of 550 °C and calcination time of 3 h exhibited the best H(2)S removal efficiency. …”
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“…Control of the textural properties of the final alumina product during calcination of the prepared aluminium (oxy)hydroxide gel was accomplished by adding low-solubility aluminium acetate hydroxide (Al(OH)(CH(3)COO)(2)) as a seed to the Al(NO(3))(3) solution before neutralisation. …”
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“…NiO nanowire-in-nanotube structured nanofibers were easily and directly fabricated via one-pot uniaxial electrospinning followed by calcination process for the first time. Firstly, Ni(CH(3)COO)(2)/PVP composite nanofibers were prepared by a conventional electrospinning method, and then NiO nanowire-in-nanotube structured nanofibers were successfully synthesized by two-stage calcination procedure of Ni(CH(3)COO)(2)/PVP composite nanofibers which was determined to be the key process for preparing NiO nanowire-in-nanotube structured nanofibers. …”
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“…The synthesized samples, at their calcined and/or their reduced form, were characterized by XRD, H(2)-TPR, N(2) adsorption–desorption, SEM-EDS and DR-UV-Vis to explain the differences observed in their catalytic activity towards the studied reaction. …”
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“…This study investigates hematite nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by precipitation in water from the precursor of ferric chloride hexahydrate using precipitating agents NaOH or NH(4)OH at maintained pH 11 and calcined up to 500 °C for the catalytic oxidation of low concentrations of CH(4) (5% by volume in air) at 500 °C to compare their structural state in a CH(4) reducing environment. …”
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“…Green mussel and crab shells were crushed to powder and were calcined at 900 °C for 5 h. Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) was synthesized from calcined green mussel and crab shells using a solution of 2M HNO(3), NH(4)OH, and CO(2) gas. …”
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“…The findings revealed average crystallite size of 15.22 nm with 9.72 nm for oval-shaped silver nanoparticles increasing to 26.01 nm and 24.86 nm after calcination and 4.81 nm for spherical-shaped titanium dioxide nanoparticles which decreased to 4.62 nm after calcination. …”
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“…This work focuses on studying the effect of Co doping and calcination on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of spin-coated SnO(2) films as well as their photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency. …”
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“…The clinkers obtained by the calcination of raw mixes with glass waste content at 1430 °C with a 30 min plateau had a similar mineralogical composition and microstructure to the clinkers obtained from the reference raw mixes and fulfilled the requirements of the specific standard EN 197-1. …”
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“…Using thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infra-red spectroscopy (IR), it was found that the resulting product was VO(2)(B), which after calcining at 300 °C (1 h), oxidized to orthorhombic V(2)O(5). …”
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“…CoMoO(4) was prepared by coprecipitation and calcination, and characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA Zeta potential, BET, and UV-Vis DRS. …”
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