“…Catalyst formation proceeds via a clear progression of distinct surface species produced during catalyst calcination. At 300 °C the selective VO(x) overlayer has formed; by 500 °C a sandwich layer of FeVO(4) arises between the VO(x) shell and the Fe(2)O(3) core, inhibiting iron cation participation in the catalysis and enhancing catalyst selectivity. …”
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“…Four types of calcined MCM-41 silica nanoparticles, loaded with dyes and capped with different gating ensembles are prepared and characterized. …”
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“…The nanocomposites of activated-carbon-decorated silicon nanocrystals (AC<nc-Si>AC) were synchronously derived in a single step from biomass rice husks, through the simple route of the calcination method together with the magnesiothermic reduction process. …”
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“…To this end, a copper-carbonate containing precursor was precipitated from a mixed solution of copper acetate and ammonia carbonate and subsequently calcinated at T ≥ 250 °C. The thus obtained CuO nanopowder is composed of weakly-bounded agglomerates, which are constituted of aggregated CuO NPs with a tunable size in the range of 100–140 nm. …”
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“…Mesoporous silica (MSPN12) was prepared by nonionic surfactant micelle–templated gelation of sodium silicate (Na(2)SiO(3)) and fluorosilicic acid (H(2)SiF(6)) in aqueous solution, characterized by a range of instrumental techniques, and tested as a support for Ni and Rh catalysts in the partial oxidation of methane (POM). Calcined and sintered MSPN12 exhibited well-defined d(00l)-spacings (3.5–4.39 nm), narrow pore distributions (2.4–3.1 nm), and large specific surface areas (552–1,246 m(2) g(−1)), and was found to be highly thermally stable. …”
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“…Furthermore, the effects of calcination temperature and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time on the surface structure and adsorption activity of TiO(2) coating were studied. …”
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“…The protonated H-MOR-10 sample was obtained by calcination of commercial NH(4)-MOR-10; in this case, a slight degradation of the mordenite framework was observed, but the resulting defects were partially restored after the first ion-exchange procedure of protons for copper ions. …”
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“…Highly porous self-assembled nanostructured Ni@C and NiO@C were synthesized via calcination of a Ni-based metal–organic framework. The morphology, structure, and composition of as synthesized Ni@C and NiO@C were characterized by SEM, FIB-SEM, TEM, and XRD. …”
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“…In the present work, Cu-doped nickel ferrite (Cu(x)Ni((1−x))Fe(2)O(4)) nanoparticles (CuNFNPs) were chemically fabricated by adding citric acid as a capping agent followed by combustion and calcination for acetaldehyde oxidation reaction (AOR) in KOH electrolytes. …”
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“…The Co(3)O(4)@CdS hollow spheres calcinated at 400 °C exhibited the highest photodegradation activity. …”
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“…The spray pyrolysis synthesis of Nb oxides at different temperatures produced homogeneous spherical particles with different degrees of crystallinity, while Nb oxide particles synthesized by simple calcination of ammonium niobium oxalate were nonuniform. …”
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“…Substantial recovery of neodymium oxalate followed by its calcined product as neodymium oxide was ascertained from XRD study and SEM–EDS analysis.…”
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“…Therefore, an appropriate solution containing 16.6 g/L Zn, 0.05 g/L Fe, and 0.11 g/L Mn was prepared for the electro-winning unit without using the roasting and calcination steps (conventional method), which result in environmental pollution.…”
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“…Hierarchically porous HCMSs with good monodispersity were produced by the hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose and designed NaOH-impregnated calcination under a static air atmosphere. The meso- and macroporous pores on HCMSs make up 71% of the total pore volume. …”
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“…When the hydroxyl groups of titania were modified via surface‐fluorination or calcination the oxidation of HMF was inhibited under visible light, signifying that hydroxyl groups are decisive for photocatalytic activity.…”
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“…The results show that the LDH phase in the Al,Mg-LDH/ZA compounds has memory effects, and thus, the compound can be calcined and rehydrated. For the LDH in the composite, the best heat treatment system is a temperature of 300 °C in an inert atmosphere.…”
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“…In this study, eco-friendly methods were established to produce α- and β-chitosan (CS) (as a source of nitrogen) with different degrees of deacetylation from shrimp shells and squid pin waste, phosphorous through degreasing and calcination of bovine bone and potassium from evaporation of banana peels Kolakhar. …”
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“…Nickel manganite nanocrystalline fibers were obtained by electrospinning and subsequent calcination at 400 °C. As-spun fibers were characterized by TG/DTA, Scanning Electron Microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. …”
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“…More importantly, the activity of the CuO@silicalite-1 catalyst can be regenerated via facile calcination to remove the surface-bound carbon deposits, unlike the CuO/silicalite-1 that suffered severe deactivation after use and cannot be effectively regenerated.…”
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“…Magnesium sources, precipitants, initial precursor concentration, Co/Mg molar ratio, and catalyst calcination temperature were optimized to obtain the best catalysts. …”
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