“…Tin-doped titania catalysts were prepared by thermal hydrolysis of aqueous solutions of titanium peroxo-complexes in the presence of SnCl(4) or SnCl(2) using an original, proprietary "one pot" synthesis not employing organic solvents, metallo-organic precursors, autoclave aging nor post-synthesis calcination. The products were characterized in details by powder diffraction, XPS, UV–vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopies, electron microscopy and surface area and porosity measurements RESULTS: The presence of tin in synthesis mixtures favors the formation of rutile and brookite at the expense of anatase, decreases the particle size of all formed titania polymorphs, and extends light absorption of titania to visible light region >400 nm by both red shift of the absorption edge and introduction of new chromophores. …”
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“…The sample is allowed to cool in the furnace to 500°C, the ingress of air is permitted and additional sulphur (30 parts) is introduced before a second calcination step is undertaken at 500°C for two hours. …”
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“…Hierarchical Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)/TiO(2) tubes composed of ultrathin nanoflakes have been successfully fabricated via the calcination of the hydrothermal product of a porous amorphous TiO(2) precursor and lithium hydroxide monohydrate. …”
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“…The inner cavity of the supported tubes was used as nanoreactors to grow gold particles by impregnation with a gold salt, followed by a calcination-reduction process. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy techniques. …”
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“…The TiO(2)/carbon composite was obtained by pyrolysis of TiO(2)/PANi prepared by in situ polymerization method, while the TiO(2)/activated carbon (TiO(2)/AC) was obtained after treating TiO(2)/carbon with 1.0 M KOH solution, followed by calcination at a temperature of 450°C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to characterize and evaluate the prepared samples. …”
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“…A clean and sustainable deicing additive was prepared via the adsorption of acetate anions (Ac(-)) by magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) calcined layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-CLDH). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrums proved that Ac(-) had intercalated into LDH structure. …”
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“…In this study, BCP were prepared by aqueous co-precipitation and calcination method. The crystal phases of in-situ formed BCP consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were controlled by the degree of calcium deficiency of precursors. …”
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“…The as-prepared p-type CuGaO(2) nanoplates were further decorated by n-type ZnO nanoparticles via calcination method to fabricate p-n junction nanocomposites. …”
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“…Evolved in-situ hydrogen (H(2)) gas-bubbles also play an important role to develop as-synthesized loose zirconium hydroxide and the presence of intra-particle voids in the loose zirconium hydroxide help to develop porous zirconium oxide during calcination process. Without any surface modification, this porous zirconium oxide quickly adsorbs almost hundred percentages of toxic lead ions from water solution within 15 minutes at normal pH condition. …”
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“…The paper demonstrated the synthesis of Ag–Ag(2)O/g-C(3)N(4) nanoparticles via a simple liquid phase synthesis path and a facile calcination method. The synthesized Ag–Ag(2)O/g-C(3)N(4) composites were well characterized by various analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, the UV–Vis diffuse-reflectance spectra and transient photocurrent. …”
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“…Here we first synthesized carbon-supported Pd catalysts in a green Leidenfrost droplet reactor without reducing agents, high-temperature calcination and reduction procedures. When the aqueous solution containing Pd nitrate precursor, carbon support, and water is dripped on a hot plate, vapor layer is formed between a solution droplet and hot surface, which allow the solution droplet to be levitated on the hot surface (Leidenfrost phenomena). …”
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“…To enlarge its pore size and specific surface area, different modification approaches including calcination, acid treatment, alkali leaching and nano-silica decoration on the microstructure of diatomite were outlined. …”
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“…The core@shell particles composed of the MnO(2) core and the Li(Ni,Mn)(2)O(4) spinel shell are prepared by mechanical treatment using an attrition-type mill, whereas the concentration-gradient spinel particles with an average composition of LiNi(0.32)Mn(1.68)O(4) are produced by calcination of their core@shell particles as a precursor. …”
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“…Indium nitrate/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (In(NO(3))(3)/PVP) composite nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning, and then hollow structure indium oxide (In(2)O(3)) nanofibers were obtained through calcination with PVP as template material. In situ polymerization was used to prepare indium oxide/polyaniline (In(2)O(3)/PANI) composite nanofibers with different mass ratios of In(2)O(3) to aniline. …”
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“…Later on, pre-formed ZnO nanoparticles (NP) dispersed in 2-propanol were incorporated under ultrasound irradiation to the silica–organoclay hybrid heterostructures dispersed in 2-propanol, and finally, the resulting solids were calcinated to eliminate the organic matter and to produce ZnO nanoparticles (NP) homogeneously assembled to the clay–SiO(2) framework. …”
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“…The ZGC monospheres calcined at 800 °C (average diameter ~353 ± 59 nm; average crystallite size ~30 nm) have an intensity ~6 times that of the original phosphor for the 700 nm red emission of Cr(3+) (the (2)E → (4)A(2) transition) under excitation with the O(2−) → Ga(3+) charge transfer band at 250 nm. …”
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“…MOFs were transformed into carbon by carbonization calcination, and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were introduced to build an emerging ternary compound system for hydrogen adsorption. …”
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“…During the first 24 h on stream, this catalyst produced 185 mmol(phenol) g(–1). Calcination to remove the coke deposits completely restored the initial activity.…”
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“…Typically, the spent coffee grounds were facilely converted to core@shell (ZnO@C) microspheres through a two-step approach, involving chemical activation and a subsequent calcination at temperature of 700 °C. Activation of the carbon derived from the spent coffee grounds was performed with ZnCl(2) which acts as pore-forming agent as well as a precursor for the ZnO. …”
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“…One modified alumina was synthesized using the sol-gel method with Fe added in situ during hydrolysis; another modification was performed using calcined alumina, prepared using the sol-gel method and impregnated with Fe. …”
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