“…BACKGROUND: Botulism is an acute form of poisoning caused by one of four types (A, B, E, F) toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, ananaerobic, spore forming bacillus. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) products are injectable biologic medications derived from Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Several different BoNTA products are marketed in various countries, and they are not interchangeable. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin (Botox) is an exotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum. It blocks the release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerve end plates resulting in inactivity of the muscles or glands innervated. …”
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“…Clostridium botulinum produces the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). …”
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“…Forty-six distinct strains of Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Clostridium botulinum, Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella canis were extracted and distributed to participating laboratories for analysis. …”
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“…A small GTPase Rho and one of its downstream effectors ROCK (Rho‐associated coiled‐coil forming protein kinase), play essential roles in these processes, as evidenced by suppression of migration and morphological change of MM1 cells by Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, an inhibitor of Rho, or by Y‐27632, an inhibitor of ROCK. …”
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“…Examples are the C2 toxin from Clostridium botulinum, the iota toxin from Clostridium perfringens, and the CDT from Clostridium difficile. …”
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“…A case of food-borne botulism occurred in Slovakia in 2015. Clostridium botulinum type A was isolated from three nearly empty commercial hummus tubes. …”
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“…In bacteria, constructed prion-forming proteins have been described, such as the prion-forming protein recently described for Clostridium botulinum transcription terminator Rho. Here, I analyzed the evolution of the Rho prion-forming domain across bacteria, and discovered that its conservation is sporadic both in the Clostridium genus and in bacteria generally. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin (BTX) is also well-known as Botox is produced by a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Generally, clinical manifestations of BTX can be observed after consumption of contaminated food, from colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract, as well as following the infection of the wound to this bacterium. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin protein derived from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction level whose effects has been used for many years to treat a variety of muscular/neuromuscular conditions and more recently also for cosmetic use. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin derived from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction level whose effects has been used for many years to treat a variety of muscular/neuromuscular conditions and more recently also for cosmetic use. …”
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“…These antibacterial strains were further screened against Clostridium botulinum, to assess their potential as anticlostridial starter cultures for the development of fermented meat products without added nitrate or nitrite. …”
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“…In recent years, several ­bacterial pathogens, toxins, viruses, parasites and explosives have been considered as potential threats for bioterrorism, among which can find Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum, Botulinum Neurotoxin, Vaccinia, Plasmodium falciparum, Trinitrotoluene, etc. …”
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“…The preservative sodium nitrite is added to processed meat with the intention of preventing the growth of Clostridium botulinum, but this also influences product flavour and colour. …”
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“…Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are toxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, the causing agent for botulism, in different serotypes, seven of which (A–G) are well characterized, while others, such as H or FA, are still debated. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is the most poisonous neurotoxin produced from the Clostridium botulinum bacteria, and BoNT/C, one of the eight serotypes, causes paralysis in livestock. …”
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“…Botulinum neurotoxin, which inhibits acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, is produced by the anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium Clostridium botulinum and, rarely, by related species (C. baratii and C. butyricum). …”
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“…Botulism, the toxin formed by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, results in a neuroparalytic disorder capable of severe clinical progression that begins in the cranial nerves and progressively descends. …”
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“…The botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. It causes botulism and represents the most powerful natural poison. …”
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