“…Background  Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal neuroparalytic syndrome caused by the gram-positive anaerobe spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum . The microorganism produces a neurotoxin that inhibits the presynaptic release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, clinically leading to a myasthenic syndrome. …”
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“…We suggest that by cleaving a presynaptic protein syntaxin, which is essential in targeting synaptic vesicles as a target SNAP receptor (t-SNARE), neurotoxin C1 of Clostridium botulinum causes growth cone collapse and inhibits axonal growth. …”
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“…In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the ras-related protein Rho1p is essentially the only target for ADP-ribosylation by exoenzyme C3 of Clostridium botulinum. Using C3 to detect Rho1p in subcellular fractions, Rho1p was found primarily in the 10,000 g pellet (P2) containing large organelles; small amounts also were detected in the 100,000 g pellet (P3), and cytosol. …”
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“…Here we report by using time-lapse- and immunofluorescence microscopy that CDT and other binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins, including Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, induce redistribution of microtubules and formation of long (up to >150 µm) microtubule-based protrusions at the surface of intestinal epithelial cells. …”
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“…Using the pathogen Clostridium botulinum as a model, we show that the robustness of candidate biomarkers increases with each stage of the pipeline. …”
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“…Purified CD44 specifically interacted in vitro with iota and iota-like, but not related Clostridium botulinum C2, toxins. Furthermore, CD44 knockout mice were resistant to iota toxin lethality. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin type A is a 150 kD protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, which exists in a complex with up to six additional proteins. …”
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“…Botulism is a serious foodborne neuroparalytic disease, caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Seven toxin serotypes (A – H) have been described. …”
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“…Potentially climate-sensitive zoonotic pathogens of circumpolar concern include Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spp., Clostridium botulinum, Francisella tularensis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bacillus anthracis, Echinococcus spp., Leptospira spp., Giardia spp., Cryptosporida spp., Coxiella burnetti, rabies virus, West Nile virus, Hantaviruses, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses.…”
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“…We identified DNA sequences homologous to Clostridium botulinum, Trypanosoma cruzi and human papillomaviruses (HPVs). …”
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“…Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a toxin produced by the naturally-occurring Clostridium botulinum that causes botulism. The potential of BoNT/A as a useful medical intervention was discovered by scientists developing a vaccine to protect against botulism. …”
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“…With some bacteria, such as Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum, the health threat posed by these organisms is not the organism itself, but rather the protein toxins produced by the organisms. …”
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“…A stool sample from the patient was positive for Type A Clostridium botulinum toxin eventually confirming the diagnosis of infant botulism. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It inhibits the release of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters from the nerve terminal. …”
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“…Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 is a non-toxic endospore former that is widely used as a surrogate for Clostridium botulinum by the food processing industry to validate thermal processing strategies. …”
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“…Clinical use of neurotoxins from Clostridium botulinum is well established and is continuously expanding, including in treatment of pain conditions. …”
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“…Treatment of Nalm‐6 cells with wortmannin (WMN), herbimycin A, pertussis toxin, or C3 exoenzyme of Clostridium botulinum, which specifically inhibit P13 kinase and/or myosin light chain kinase, herbimycin‐sensitive tyrosine kinases, heterotrimeric G proteins, and the small G proteins rho/rac, respectively, reduced transmigration in a dose‐dependent manner. …”
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“…Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) is a neurotoxic protein produced by Clostridium botulinum. Our previous studies demonstrated that BTXA inhibits the secretory function of submandibular gland (SMG) and changes its structure. …”
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“…Botulism is a devastating disease caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) secreted primarily by Clostridium botulinum. Mouse bioassays without co-inoculation with antibodies are the standard method for the detection of BoNTs, but are not capable of distinguishing between the different serotypes (A–G). …”
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“…The bacterium Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism—a severe intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and characterized by damage to the nervous system. …”
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