“…The results demonstrate that the interrater reliability (Cohen’s kappa, κ) is substantially lower than the achieved individual network-to-rater results, e.g., 0.68 and 0.76 for the data captured in 2020, respectively. …”
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“…Inter-rater reliability was calculated using unweighted Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) for qualitative analyses and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for quantitative analyses. …”
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“…Comparison of scores found moderate internal consistency (α = 0.382). Cohen's Kappa coefficient demonstrated high interrater agreement (k = 0.653, p < 0.001). …”
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“…The generalized estimating equation model showed that the TEA significantly reduced participants' depressive and anxiety symptoms, while the effects of the intervention remained 30 days post intervention (Cohen's d > 1). Thematic analysis revealed three main themes about future improvement, including content improvement, interaction improvement, and bug-fixing. …”
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“…The inter- and intraobserver reliability scores were calculated using Cohen’s kappa and Cronbach’s α. RESULTS: Both classifications showed good to excellent interobserver reliability with high α scores. …”
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“…Effect sizes reported in each individual study will be standardised to Cohen’s d and a random effects model will be used to calculate the pooled effect size for the association. …”
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“…‘s research, we pulled data directly from the original trials and used Cohen’s D to determine the effect size for each treatment. …”
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“…RESULTS: Of 322 paired samples tested on both platforms, 53 were positive and 246 were negative by both methodologies (agreement 92.9%, Cohen’s kappa 0.78, [0.69-0.86]). Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.80 (p < 0.0001). …”
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“…In terms of agreement, a Cohen's kappa index = 0.174 and an overall % agreement of 61.7% were obtained. …”
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“…Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was assessed using Cohen's Kappa. Independent predictors of adverse outcomes were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analyses using the Hosmer and Lemeshow's test. …”
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“…The result of the experiment showed that less than 70 of the 100 epochs of the model’s training were completed. The Cohen Kappa score did not even pass 0.1 in the validation set, due to an imbalance in the class distribution, whereas in the second experiment, the majority of scores peaked in about 20 epochs, but because training continued during each epoch, it took much longer for the loss to decline before it fell below 0.1. …”
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“…Inter-reader agreement (IRA) for image quality and diagnostic confidence was assessed using intraclass coefficients (ICC). Cohen’s Kappa method was used for evaluation of IRA and consensus between sequences in assessing different structures. …”
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“…The statistical results obtained by the t-Student, Shapiro-Wilk normality and non-parametric One-Way ANOVA tests indicated statistically significant differences (p < 0.005; 0.005 e 0.5 respectively), between the two treatments, which were reflected in the clinical results observed, we also calculate the size of the effect represented by ϵ(2), calculated by Cohen's d. The results indicate a great difference between the treatments performed,ϵ(2) = 1.00. …”
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“…The results revealed that automatic scoring demonstrates good quality (with Cohen's kappa up to over 0.80 and accuracy up to over 90%) in analysing EEG/EEG + EOG + EMG signals. …”
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“…The overall level of agreement, Fleiss multiple-rater kappa statistics and Cohen's Kappa were calculated. Cases with low concordance were re-scored by the same pathologists after a washout period. …”
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“…RESULTS: Our results suggested a positive effect of the program concerning children's academic skills, showing a significant improvement in terms of the pre–post-intervention scores in the intervention group (Cohen's d = 0.95). Moreover, the qualitative findings also indicate the high acceptability of the program among children and head teachers, who reported a positive effect on the acquisition and consolidation of reading, writing, and arithmetic skills and on the promotion of teamwork, empathy, autonomy, and self-reflection. …”
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“…Standard effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d. RESULTS: Mean levels of stress and psychological distress were high at the start of the study and remained high across time points. …”
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“…Significant clinical improvement in our primary outcome measures (within-group Cohen's d) of anxiety (d ≥ 0.62), depression (d ≥ 0.63), disability (d ≥ 0.43) and quality of life (d ≥ −0.57) were observed at posttreatment. …”
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“…The proposed model is conducted subject-independent cross-validation on three publicly available datasets, achieving an overall accuracy of up to 83.3%, and the Cohen Kappa is 0.77. Additionally, we introduce Class Activation Mapping (CAM) to visualize the model’s attention to EEG waveforms, which demonstrate the model’s ability to accurately capture feature waveforms of EEG at different sleep stages. …”
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“…Participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire and two psychometric scales: Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale for the evaluation of self-esteem and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for the evaluation of the level of perceived stress. …”
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