“…In humans, the investigation of such complex systems benefits from nature’s experiments in patients with genetically defined primary immunodeficiencies. …”
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“…As well as reflecting on the value of conversations, the aim is to introduce the dimension of normative complexity as something that requires theoretical and practical attention alongside the more recognised challenges of complex systems, which we label, for short, as ‘explanatory complexity’. …”
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“…For a large ensemble of complex systems, a Many-System Problem (MSP) studies how heterogeneity constrains and hides structural mechanisms, and how to uncover and reveal hidden major factors from homogeneous parts. …”
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“…The performance of a previously developed elliptic blending turbulence model (the [Formula: see text] model) to predict the rate of entropy generation in the fully developed turbulent circular tube flow with constant heat flux was studied to provide some guidelines for using this class of turbulence model to calculate entropy generation in complex systems. The flow and temperature fields were simulated by using a CFD package, and then the rate of entropy generation was calculated in post-processing. …”
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“…Among fish, one of the most complex systems serving the function of the placenta is the embryonal trophotaenia/ovarian luminal epithelium of the goodeid fishes. …”
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“…On the other hand, the sciences of chaos theory and complex systems can provide the economic discipline with more suitable instruments to face those challenges. …”
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“…Different control strategies are available for human machine interfaces based on electromyography (EMG) to map voluntary muscle signals to control signals of a remote controlled device. Complex systems such as robots or multi-fingered hands require a natural commanding, which can be realized with proportional and simultaneous control schemes. …”
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“…Rather, we propose that older couples show interdependence in their memory compensation strategies, and adopt complex systems of integrated material and social memory compensation in their day-to-day lives.…”
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“…The real-time, in-line analysis of light polarization is critical in optical networks, currently suffering from complex systems with numerous bulky opto-electro-mechanical elements tandemly arranged along the optical path. …”
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“…Remarkably, both resulting phase diagrams C(b, d) and I(b, d) are highly consistent, pointing to a link between the dynamical systems and the information-processing approach to complex systems. Information import is maximal not at the “edge of chaos,” which is optimally suited for computation, but surprisingly in the low-density chaotic regime and at the border between the chaotic and fixed point regime. …”
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“…Nevertheless, this approach is not satisfactory, as it relies on a subjective perception and may lead to spectral inaccuracies overall when the number of sampled configurations is limited due to an excessive computational burden (high-level QM methods, complex systems, solvent effects, etc.). In this work, we have developed and tested a new approach to reconstruct NEA spectra, dubbed GMM-NEA, based on the use of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), a probabilistic machine learning algorithm, that circumvents the phenomenological broadening assumption and, in turn, the use of δ altogether. …”
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“…Unexpected outcomes are usually associated with interventions in complex systems. Excess winter mortality (EWM) is a measure of the net effect of all competing forces operating each winter, including influenza(s) and non-influenza pathogens. …”
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“…Recently, the science of complex systems has bridged between fields of knowledge to provide quantitative responses to fundamental sociological questions. …”
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“…This work indicates that it could be possible to design an in situ pretreatment of the valorization of OMSW, avoiding complex systems or transportation. In this sense, future research under non-sterile conditions is needed to evaluate the competition of WRF with other microorganisms present in the OMSW. …”
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“…This multidisciplinary study allowed us to reconstruct the structural arrangement of the MDES and its aqueous mixtures on both short- and intermediate-scale levels, clarifying the fundamental role of water in the eutectic formation and challenging the definition at the base of these complex systems.…”
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“…The FMR signals did not originate from isolated ions, but from more magnetically complex systems, e.g., Fe–Fe pairs or iron clusters, while the observed FMR line position is normally even lower and occurs for a magnetic induction below 200 mT. …”
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“…In cells in culture, the ability to manipulate precursor pools by rapid medium changes is simple, but for more complex systems such as intact animals, the approach becomes more convoluted. …”
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“…The quantitative models reviewed here are envisioned to further advance for dissection and functional studies of more complex systems including phase-separated biomolecular condensates.…”
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“…PULSE activities have been designed based on the recognition that life sciences departments and faculty are embedded within institutions of higher education which, similar to other large organizations, are complex systems composed of multiple, interconnected subsystems. …”
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“…Classical information theory has long been understood to be a natural framework within which information processing can be understood, and recent advances in the field of multivariate information theory offer new insights into the structure of computation in complex systems. In this review, we provide an introduction to the conceptual and practical issues associated with using multivariate information theory to analyze information processing in neural circuits, as well as discussing recent empirical work in this vein. …”
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