“…However the choice of collective variables is not trivial for complex systems. Collective variables range from geometric criteria such as distances and dihedral angles to abstract ones such as weighted linear combinations of multiple geometric variables. …”
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“…In order to solve the nonlinear mapping problem of complex systems, this paper proposes to construct a time-space four-dimensional object-image mapping relationship model based on a BP artificial neural network and demonstrates the feasibility of the joint time-space four-dimensional imaging model theory. …”
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“…We focus on the very common context in complex systems where the amount and quality of data are low compared to the number of model parameters to be collectively estimated, and showcase the benefits of this technique for applications in biochemistry, ecology, and cardiac electrophysiology. …”
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“…Soils are dynamic and complex systems in their natural state, which are subjected to profound changes due to management. …”
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“…Tropical forests are complex systems containing myriad interactions and feedbacks with their biotic and abiotic environments, but as the world changes fast, the future of these ecosystems becomes increasingly uncertain. …”
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“…In the field of equation discovery, the weak-form sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (WSINDy) methodology has been shown to be computationally efficient for identifying the governing equations of complex systems from noisy data. Motivated by the success of IPS models to describe the spatial movement of organisms, we develop WSINDy for the second-order IPS to learn equations for communities of cells. …”
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“…This complementary observable for ultrafast photochemical processes inside He(N) will be particularly valuable for more complex systems.…”
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“…Even if these interventions are in themselves complex systems interacting with their context or ‘intervention systems’, PHIR is making considerable progress in understanding the mechanisms thus revealed, a key element for their transferability, which is an essential issue in public health.Transferability assesses the extent to which the outcome of a successful intervention, evaluated in one context, can be achieved in another context. …”
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“…Integrating structural information and metadata, such as gender, social status, or interests, enriches networks and enables a better understanding of the large-scale structure of complex systems. However, existing approaches to augment networks with metadata for community detection only consider immediately adjacent nodes and cannot exploit the nonlocal relationships between metadata and large-scale network structure present in many spatial and social systems. …”
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“…MOTIVATION: Biological processes are complex systems with distinct behaviour. Despite the growing amount of available data, knowledge is sparse and often insufficient to investigate the complex regulatory behaviour of these systems. …”
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“…Model-driven engineering and domain-specific languages (DSLs) have proven useful in the development of complex systems. RoboChart is a DSL for modelling robot software controllers using state machines and a simple component model. …”
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“…The more fluorophores that can be excited, and the more cell populations that can be studied, the better access to their arrangement and interaction can be reached in complex systems such as immunological organs. However, for many fluorophores, the two-photon excitation properties are poorly predicted from the single-photon spectra and are not yet available, in the literature or databases. …”
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“…It is our contention that calibration, far from being a weakness of models, is an essential element in the simulation of complex systems, and contributes to our understanding of their inner workings. …”
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“…In addition, we envision that more functional modules, e.g., valve, microreactor, and detection modules, could be developed, and the 3D standardized modular microfluidics could be further applied to other complex systems, i.e., concentration gradient generators and clinical diagnostic systems.…”
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“…Therefore, this paper investigates a general algorithm for the fault diagnosis of complex systems using the timing characteristics of sensors and transfer entropy. …”
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“…Microcomponent manipulation (MCM) technology plays a decisive role in assembling complex systems at the micro- and nanoscale. However, the existing micromanipulation methods are difficult to widely apply in the manufacturing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) due to the limited manipulation space and complex application objects, and the manipulation efficiency is relatively low, which makes it difficult to industrialize these micromanipulating systems. …”
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“…We argue that the use of computer models to study evolving ecosystems provides a rich source of inspiration, as they enable the study of complex systems that change over time. Often employing a combination of genetic algorithms and agent‐based models, these methods span theoretical approaches from games to complexification, nature‐inspired methods from studies of self‐replication to the evolution of eyes, and evolutionary ecosystems of humans, from entire economies to the effects of personalities in teamwork. …”
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“…Technologies that facilitate the bulk sequencing of small numbers of cells as well as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have aided greatly in the study of viruses as these analyses can be used to differentiate responses from infected versus bystander cells in complex systems, including in organoid or animal studies. …”
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“…Complex system theory is rapidly developing and gaining importance, providing tools and concepts central to our modern understanding of emergent phenomena. …”
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