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  1. 3801
    “…Here we used an expanded sample of complete mitochondrial genome sequences to investigate the diversity of P. vivax in the Americas as well as in other continental populations. We show that the diversity of P. vivax in the Americas is comparable to that in Asia and Oceania, and we identify several divergent clades circulating in South America that may have resulted from independent introductions. …”
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    The Evolutionary History of Plasmodium vivax as Inferred from Mitochondrial Genomes: Parasite Genetic Diversity in the Americas
  2. 3802
    “…This distributional pattern, combined with parallels between cichlid phylogeny and sequences of Mesozoic continental rifting, has led to the widely accepted hypothesis that cichlids are an ancient group whose major biogeographic patterns arose from Gondwanan vicariance. …”
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    Molecular and fossil evidence place the origin of cichlid fishes long after Gondwanan rifting
  3. 3803
    “…This paper points out a clear separation between the helminth faunas of northern - nearctic and southern - neotropical components in Mexican continental waters, suggesting the availability of two distinct taxonomic pools of parasites in Mexican drainage basins. …”
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    Taxonomic Distinctness and Richness of Helminth Parasite Assemblages of Freshwater Fishes in Mexican Hydrological Basins
  4. 3804
    “…The true R. ferrugineus is native only to the northern and western parts of continental southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and the Philippines, and is responsible for almost all invasive populations worldwide. …”
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    The Lesser of Two Weevils: Molecular-Genetics of Pest Palm Weevil Populations Confirm Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Panzer 1798) as a Valid Species Distinct from R. ferrugineus (Olivier 1790), and Reveal the Global Extent of Both
  5. 3805
    por Shultz, Susanne, Maslin, Mark
    Publicado 2013
    “…Early human evolution is characterised by pulsed speciation and dispersal events that cannot be explained fully by global or continental paleoclimate records. We propose that the collated record of ephemeral East African Rift System (EARS) lakes could be a proxy for the regional paleoclimate conditions experienced by early hominins. …”
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    Early Human Speciation, Brain Expansion and Dispersal Influenced by African Climate Pulses
  6. 3806
    “…RESULTS: The data confirm strong geographical clustering at continental, national and city scales and demonstrate that the rate of recombination varies significantly between phylogeographic sub-groups representing independent introductions from Europe. …”
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    Phylogeographic variation in recombination rates within a global clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  7. 3807
    “…Seroprevalence correlated significantly with farm density and the North-Atlantic Oscillation index, which describes temporal variations of meteorological conditions at the continental scale. The highest seroprevalence values were obtained in areas with high farm densities and during years with cool and moist winters. …”
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    Environmental determinants of spatial and temporal variations in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in its definitive hosts()
  8. 3808
    “…The transcriptomes of seven B. xylophilus isolates, from Continental Portugal (4), China (1), Japan (1) and USA (1), were sequenced in the next generation platform Roche 454. …”
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    Assessment of the Geographic Origins of Pinewood Nematode Isolates via Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Effector Genes
  9. 3809
    “…To show regional patterns of variation, we used STRUCTURE and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) to partition variance among hierarchical sets of landraces and wild species at either the continental scale or within India. STRUCTURE separated most of the domesticated germplasm from wild ecotypes, and separates Australian and Asian wild species as has been found previously. …”
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    Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of Cajanus spp. Illustrated from Genome-Wide SNPs
  10. 3810
    “…These observations come from industrial remotely operated vehicle video surveys of the seafloor on the Angola continental margin. The carcasses supported moderate communities of scavenging fish (up to 50 individuals per carcass), mostly from the family Zoarcidae, which appeared to be resident on or around the remains. …”
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    Fish Food in the Deep Sea: Revisiting the Role of Large Food-Falls
  11. 3811
    “…This challenge is particularly acute in the Pacific, which contains numerous small island nations and thousands of kilometers of continental margins. The green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, is one such megafauna that is endangered in Pacific waters due to the overexploitation of eggs and adults for human consumption. …”
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    Migrations of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) between Nesting and Foraging Grounds across the Coral Sea
  12. 3812
    “…METHODS: To expand on these earlier documents, representative members of continental and international psychiatric and neurosurgical societies, joined efforts to further elaborate and adopt a pragmatic worldwide set of guidelines. …”
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    Consensus on guidelines for stereotactic neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders
  13. 3813
    por Brugger, Katharina, Rubel, Franz
    Publicado 2013
    “…Further investigations comprise the continental climate Dfb (76% C. obsoletus, 24% C. pulicaris), the warm temperate climate with hot summers Cfa (35% C. obsoletus, 65% C. pulicaris), the warm temperate dry climate, characterized by warm summers Csb (38% C. obsoletus, 51% C. pulicaris, 11% C. imicola) and the warm temperate dry climate with hot summers Csa of the Mediterranean area (11% C. obsoletus, 12% C. pulicaris, 77% C. imicola). …”
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    Characterizing the species composition of European Culicoides vectors by means of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
  14. 3814
    “…Recent evidence from continental Europe suggests that, probably due to climate change, the distribution of the tick vector of B. divergens, Ixodes ricinus is extending to more northerly regions and higher altitudes. …”
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    Changing incidence of bovine babesiosis in Ireland
  15. 3815
    “…This group represents important vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) throughout regions of the continental U.S. In this study, we designed a mathematical model and compared it with surveillance data for the Cx. pipiens complex collected in Beaufort County, South Carolina. …”
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    Modeling Dynamics of Culex pipiens Complex Populations and Assessing Abatement Strategies for West Nile Virus
  16. 3816
    por Padhi, Abinash, Ma, Li
    Publicado 2014
    “…Although both genotypes showed some extent of spatial genetic structuring, the analyses also depicted an inter-continental viral dispersal. Such a viral dispersal pattern could be related to the migration of infected individuals across the regions coupled with a low coverage of MMR vaccination.…”
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    Molecular Evolutionary and Epidemiological Dynamics of Genotypes 1G and 2B of Rubella Virus
  17. 3817
    “…The spatial distribution of humpbacks resembled the characteristic segregation of whale groups according to their size/age class and social context in breeding habitats; mother and calf pairs were present in very shallow waters close to the coast, while dyads, trios or more whales were widely distributed from shallow to moderate depths over the continental shelf break. Sea surface temperatures (range: 18.2–25.9°C) in coastal waters were slightly colder than those closer to the oceanic realm, likely due to the influence of cold upwelled waters from the Humboldt Current system. …”
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    Patterns of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Humpback Whales at the Southern Limit of the Southeast Pacific Breeding Area
  18. 3818
    “…This is the first epidemiologic study on feline heartworm infection to be carried out in continental Spain.…”
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    First epidemiological report of feline heartworm infection in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain)
  19. 3819
    “…The species-rich white-eyes are a typically homogeneous family with an exceptional colonizing ability, but in contrast to their diversity on oceanic islands, continental diversity is considered depauperate and has been largely neglected. …”
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    Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)
  20. 3820
    “…Providing generic and cost effective modelling approaches to reconstruct and forecast freshwater temperature using predictors as air temperature and water discharge is a prerequisite to understanding ecological processes underlying the impact of water temperature and of global warming on continental aquatic ecosystems. Using air temperature as a simple linear predictor of water temperature can lead to significant bias in forecasts as it does not disentangle seasonality and long term trends in the signal. …”
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    A Hierarchical Bayesian Model to Quantify Uncertainty of Stream Water Temperature Forecasts
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